Modeling sediment resuspension and transport induced by storm wind in Apalachicola Bay, USA

Sediment is an important environmental factor for aquatic ecosystem and oyster productivities of Apalachicola Bay located in Florida, USA. Based on the data analysis in this study, surface wind speed is highly correlated to the turbidity of water column, which results from sediment resuspension and transport in the Apalachicola Bay. In this paper, an application of a 3D sediment transport model to predict the wind-induced sediment transport in Apalachicola Bay is described. The sediment model is coupled with a 3D hydrodynamic module in the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model that provides information on estuarine circulation and salinity transport under normal temperature conditions. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated with field observations of water levels and salinity. The sediment transport model solves the transport equation with sources and sinks terms to describe sediment deposition and resuspension. The coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models were used to investigate wind-induced total suspended sediments (TSS) resuspension and transport in the bay. For the period June 1–July 30, 2005 two storm events with strong winds gave model results of TSS concentrations that compared well with the field observations. Model simulations reasonably reproduce the sudden increase of sediment concentrations during the storm events. Maximum sediment concentrations in the bay during the two storm events were 10 times or more than those in the pre-storm conditions. Spatial sediment transport from model simulations indicate active sediment resuspension and transport near areas of highly productive oyster beds. The model predictions of TSS and salinity can be used as inputs to an oyster dynamic model (Wang, H., Huang, W., Harwell, M., Edmiston, L., Johnson, E., Hsieh, P., Milla, K., Christensen, J., Stewart, J., Liu, X., 2008. Modeling eastern oyster population dynamics in response to changing environment in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Journal of Ecological Modeling 211, 77–89) to support the ecological study of oyster growth and mortality in the aquatic ecosystem of Apalachicola Bay.     

一种基于双CPU的风力机主控制器设计

本文讨论了几种双CPU互联的方法,根据风力机实时性的要求,选择了基于双口RAM的双CPU互联方式来完成风力机主控制器设计。双CPU按功能分开设计,利用信号灯来避免访问冲突,并且根据交换数据的需要,将存储空间划分为三个具有不同权限的分区。试验结果表明,基于双CPU的风力机主控制器可以满足风力机对实时性和可靠性的要求。     

电-热-氢综合能源系统鲁棒区间优化调度

该文采用鲁棒区间法挖掘电-热综合能源系统协调运行的潜力,以缓解风电功率的不确定性对电力系统的运行稳定性的影响,并构建风力发电与氢储能系统相结合的风-氢混合系统,考虑氢储能系统的热平衡需求,以充分发挥氢储能系统的储能效率,平抑风电的波动性。首先,介绍了考虑氢储能系统接入的电-热综合能源系统结构,并构建其数学模型;然后,以区间形式考虑风电的不确定性,构建含风电的鲁棒区间优化调度模型,使系统在所有风电出力允许区间内,均满足允许约束条件;再次,建立一种含风-氢混合系统的电-热综合能源系统鲁棒区间优化调度模型,采用对偶理论将原模型转化为单层模型进行求解,最坏情况下的风电不平衡功率由可调机组根据时变参与因子进行调整;最后,以PJM-5节点电力系统与6节点热力系统和辽宁省北部太和综合能源系统为例对所提模型进行分析,验证了模型的有效性。     

Physics-informed few-shot learning for wind pressure prediction of low-rise buildings

This research proposes a physics-informed few-shot learning model to predict the wind pressures on full-scale specimens based on scaled wind tunnel experiments. Existing machine learning approaches in the wind engineering domain are incapable of accurately extrapolating the prediction from scaled data to full-scale data. The model presented in this research, on the other hand, is capable of extrapolating prediction from large-scale or small-scale models to full-scale measurements. The proposed ML model combines a few-shot learning model with the existing physical knowledges in the design standards related to the zonal information. This physical information helps in clustering the few-shot learning model and improves prediction performance. Using the proposed techniques, the scaling issue observed in wind tunnel tests can be partially resolved. A low mean-squared error, mean absolute error, and a high coefficient of determination were observed when predicting the mean and standard deviation wind pressure coefficients of the full-scale dataset. In addition, the benefit of incorporating physical knowledge is verified by comparing the results with a baseline few-shot learning model. This method is the first of its type as it is the first time to extrapolate in wind performance prediction by combining prior physical knowledge with a few-shot learning model in the field of wind engineering. With the benefit of the few-shot learning model, only a low-resolution of the measuring tap configuration is required, and the reliance on physical wind tunnel experiments can be reduced. The physics-informed few-shot learning model is an efficient, robust, and accurate alternate solution to predicting wind pressures on full-scale structures based on various modeled scale experiments.     

Lacking energy storage,and nuclear contribution,wind, and solar photovoltaic electricity is expensive and scarce

Prices of electricity have skyrocketed phased with the uptake of non-dispatchable wind and solar photovoltaic energy supply, and the closure of combustion fuel plants able to produce electricity on demand. At the same time, blackouts have become more likely, with governments requesting citizens not to use electricity when they need to prevent their occurrence. If we were expecting cheap and abundant renewable energy, it seems something is not right. There are, however, solutions. These are the adoption of other energy sources, not only non-dispatchable wind and solar, but also dispatchable hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass renewable energy, and baseload nuclear energy, plus the development of energy storage, by batteries, pumped hydro, thermal energy storage, and more than that, by hydrogen, to generate enough dispatchable energy to cover the requirements of a growing world.     

Several Factors Affecting the Inspection of Wind Turbines by UAV

The country strongly supports the development of new energy industries, with the clean energy wind power industry developing rapidly and the market maturing, the scale of wind farms and installed capacity expanding, and the blade length increasing to 60-70m. The increased blade length and weight increase the probability of damage. the manual inspection method is time-consuming and laborious, with a high economic cost, low inspection efficiency, and high safety risks, and cannot meet the current wind turbine fast and efficient inspection requirements. This paper intro-duces the characteristics of the type of UAV, its working status, and mode, and proposes how to determine the best area for UAV inspection according to the factors that can cause interference to the inspection in the actual wind field, to achieve the demand for fast and efficient inspection of the blade surface and improve the accuracy of inspection. It is believed that with the development of UAV technology, UAVs will play a more important role in the field of in-spection.     

On the effect of wind direction and urban surroundings on natural ventilation of a large semi-enclosed stadium

Natural ventilation of buildings refers to the replacement of indoor air with outdoor air due to pressure differences caused by wind and/or buoyancy. It is often expressed in terms of the air change rate per hour (ACH). The pressure differences created by the wind depend - among others - on the wind speed, the wind direction, the configuration of surrounding buildings and the surrounding topography. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used extensively in natural ventilation research. However, most CFD studies were performed for only a limited number of wind directions and/or without considering the urban surroundings. This paper presents isothermal CFD simulations of coupled urban wind flow and indoor natural ventilation to assess the influence of wind direction and urban surroundings on the ACH of a large semi-enclosed stadium. Simulations are performed for eight wind directions and for a computational model with and without the surrounding buildings. CFD solution verification is conducted by performing a grid-sensitivity analysis. CFD validation is performed with on-site wind velocity measurements. The simulated differences in ACH between wind directions can go up to 75% (without surrounding buildings) and 152% (with surrounding buildings). Furthermore, comparing the simulations with and without surrounding buildings showed that neglecting the surroundings can lead to overestimations of the ACH with up to 96%.     

基于有线和无线设计的大型风电场通信系统

从运行的安全性和可靠性角度考虑,要求大型风电场具有完善的监控系统。在分析了现有风电场监控系统的有线和无线传输方式的优劣性基础上,针对有线介质不可预知的破坏可能和海上风电运行维护不便等问题,提出了一种以太网和地面无线测控网相结合的大型风电场监控通信系统。该系统满足大型风电场传递大量数据的要求,并能解决就地监控与中央监控之间的通信备份;同时还可实现远程监控、中央监控和就地监控之间实时、可靠和安全的通信。     

Correlation between the plating regime of lead film deposition and electrode response after accumulation of organic compound. Microscopic study

The properties of the lead film electrode designed for adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurements of organic compounds were examined by electrochemical and microscopic techniques. The effect of Pb(II) concentration, the influence of deposition potential and time of the lead film formation on the determination of bleomycin at an in situ lead-coated glassy carbon electrode have been studied. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the Pb crystallite growth on the glassy carbon surface. The morphology of the deposits was evaluated and its influence on the bleomycin responses was discussed.     

Geometrically non-linear behavior of structural systems with random material property: An asymptotic spectral stochastic approach

An asymptotic spectral stochastic approach is presented for computing the statistics of the equilibrium path in the post-bifurcation regime for structural systems with random material properties. The approach combines numerical implementation of Koiter’s asymptotic theory with a stochastic Galerkin scheme and collocation in stochastic space to quantify uncertainties in the parametric representation of the load–displacement relationship, specifically in the form of uncertain post-buckling slope, post-buckling curvature, and a family of stochastic displacement fields. Using the proposed method, post-buckling response statistics for two plane frames are obtained and shown to be in close agreement with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulation, provided a fine enough spectral representation is used to model the variability in the random dimension.