Geometrically non-linear behavior of structural systems with random material property: An asymptotic spectral stochastic approach

An asymptotic spectral stochastic approach is presented for computing the statistics of the equilibrium path in the post-bifurcation regime for structural systems with random material properties. The approach combines numerical implementation of Koiter’s asymptotic theory with a stochastic Galerkin scheme and collocation in stochastic space to quantify uncertainties in the parametric representation of the load–displacement relationship, specifically in the form of uncertain post-buckling slope, post-buckling curvature, and a family of stochastic displacement fields. Using the proposed method, post-buckling response statistics for two plane frames are obtained and shown to be in close agreement with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulation, provided a fine enough spectral representation is used to model the variability in the random dimension.     

Nonlinear aircraft sensor fault reconstruction in the presence of disturbances validated by real flight data

This paper proposes an approach for Inertial Measurement Unit sensor fault reconstruction by exploiting a ground speed-based kinematic model of the aircraft flying in a rotating earth reference system. Two strategies for the validation of sensor fault reconstruction are presented: closed-loop validation and open-loop validation. Both strategies use the same kinematic model and a newly-developed Adaptive Two-Stage Extended Kalman Filter to estimate the states and faults of the aircraft. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to an approach using an airspeed-based kinematic model. Furthermore, the major contribution is that the proposed approach is validated using real flight test data including the presence of external disturbances such as turbulence. Three flight scenarios are selected to test the performance of the proposed approach. It is shown that the proposed approach is robust to model uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics and disturbances such as time-varying wind and turbulence. Therefore, the proposed approach can be incorporated into aircraft Fault Detection and Isolation systems to enhance the performance of the aircraft.     

基于18F4520的风光互补路灯控制系统的研究

可再生能源的综合利用对社会经济的可持续发展和环境保护有着十分重要的作用,太阳能和风能作为两种应用广泛的可再生资源,在资源条件和技术应用上都具互补性.本文介绍了以PIC18F4520单片机为控制核心的风光互补路灯系统的硬件结构、工作原理与软件设计方法,实现了对风光互补路灯系统的智能化管理和控制,系统运行可靠,成本低,易于实现,便于维护升级.     

手持式电站锅炉配风监测仪的设计

针对当前电站锅炉燃烧器的现场巡视、检修设备的溃乏,研制一种手持式电站锅炉配风监测仪势在必行。基于在了解电站锅炉煤粉配风监测系统的工作原理以及测量工作原理的基础上,首先采用经标定过的测速元件测量,经差压变速器送到测量装置内部的压力传感器变送测量出动压;其次由测速原理可以计算出风速;再次由三支分别用于测量热风温度、煤粉温度和风粉混合温度的铂电阻传感器所测得的温度值,根据热平衡原理计算出煤粉浓度。重点介绍了基本设计电路硬件结构以及关键低功耗电路设计,既给出了监测仪主程序软件流程图,又给出了电站锅炉配风仪动压测量的结果分析,达到了设计的要求。经电厂技术人员试验证明,运行可靠,使用方便,成本低,有较高的推广价值。     

Current variability in a wide and open lacustrine embayment in Lake Geneva (Switzerland)

Field measurements and numerical simulations were used to determine the effects of dominant meteorological conditions on the hydrodynamics of a wide (aspect ratio ~ 2), relatively deep (seasonally stratified) and open lake embayment (Vidy Bay, Lake Geneva). A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (Delft3D-FLOW) was employed to simulate flow in the lake. High-resolution maps of wind, temperature and humidity (over the lake) were applied as input to drive the model. Because wind was the main force driving flow in the lake, currents in the embayment were investigated systematically for different wind conditions and seasonal stratification. Satisfactory model validation was achieved using drifter and moored measurements within the embayment. Markedly different circulation patterns were measured within the embayment, with the transition from one pattern to another occurring abruptly for small changes in wind direction. These distinct patterns resulted from relatively small changes in the large gyre of Lake Geneva's main basin, especially the angle between the current in front of the embayment and the embayment shoreline. The boundary between the embayment and the pelagic zone was defined by the largest gyre within the embayment. This study shows that, (i) in a large lake, complex current patterns can occur even within a minor embayment, and (ii) that these patterns can transition rapidly over a small range of wind directions. Near-shore gyre can occur for lengthy periods, which has implications for flushing of discharges within the embayment.     

长江中游陆溪口水道河床演变机理研究

陆溪口河段是长江典型鹅头型汊道,滩槽演变复杂,是长江中游重点浅滩碍航河段。本文深入分析了河段的上下游河势关系以及影响因子之间的耦合作用,认为可以将河道平面内的主流带位置作为影响河床演变的综合动力因子,并利用特征流量的概念对主流带位置进行了定量描述。在利用特征流量揭示河床演变机理的同时,得到了"来流过程与特征流量的相对关系决定河床演变的冲淤性质,特征流量级持续作用时间长短与沙量的大小共同决定河床演变的幅度"的重要结论,得到了"三峡水库蓄水改变下游水沙过程,使河段航道发展条件优于蓄水前"的结论,并给出了具体依据。     

人民币汇率措施不构成WTO框架下的出口补贴

将汇率低估视为出口补贴进而采取反补贴措施并对来自于汇率低估国家的产品征收惩罚性关税,是美国参众两院在国内利益集团的推动下出台的多项议案的核心内容之一。事实上,WTO框架下的出口补贴是经过严格界定的,人民币汇率措施既不构成财政资助又不与出口实绩相联系,不完全具备出口补贴的构成要件,中国的货币政策有利于出口商这一事实并不表明中国政府给予出口商以SCM协定中界定的财政资助。     

A wind-flutter energy converter for powering wireless sensors

This paper describes a low-speed wind energy harvesting system that transfers aerodynamically induced flutter energy into electrical energy. A random airflow generates mechanical vibrations due to the fluid-structure interaction between a flexible belt and the airflow. An electromagnetic resonator with copper coils and a permanent magnet is designed to efficiently harvest electrical energy from the induced mechanical vibrations. Different groups of springs are compared at various wind conditions to maximize the power output. Typically ∼7 mW of electrical energy can be obtained at ∼3 m/s wind speed with a 1 m long belt. A power conditioning circuit with a charge pump and a DC-DC converter is used to convert the generated voltage into a stable 3.3 V DC for consumption. It is demonstrated that this generator can be used to drive a commercial wireless temperature sensor.     

A numerical method for annuity-purchasing decision making to minimize the probability of financial ruin for regime-switching wealth models

This work develops an approximation procedure to find optimal annuity-purchasing strategies for minimizing the probability of lifetime ruin. The wealth is modelled as a regime-switching diffusion modulated by a continuous-time Markov chain. Based on Markov chain approximation techniques, a discrete-time controlled Markov chain with two components is constructed. Under simple conditions, the convergence of the approximation sequence to the wealth process is obtained. The convergence of the approximation to the value function is also established. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the algorithms.