海河流域典型河流沉积物粒度特征及分布规律

为了解海河流域典型河流沉积物粒度参数空间分布规律,对海河典型河流的表层沉积物进行采集并利用Mstersize2000激光粒度仪进行粒度分析。结果表明,海河典型河流沉积物平均粒径差异显著,分选状况总体较差;山区水系与平原水系相比,沉积物平均粒径减小,呈集中分布,水动力减弱;山区自北向南变化明显,水系沉积物平均粒径减小,分布集中化,分选状况变差,由极正偏-正偏,向对称方向变化,峰度向平坦方向趋近,水动力减弱,符合粒径自然变化规律;平原区水系沉积物粒径参数表明南北变化不明显,因受较多支流、河流-湖泊-洼淀湿地等复杂系统和人为干扰强烈的影响,南北无显著变化规律。总的来说,海河流域河流受人为干扰强度较大,河流沉积物源较为复杂,栖息地物理完整性差。     

三江盆地二维地震资料处理方法研究与应用

三江盆地二位地震资料处理存在着较多的难题。如:静校正复杂;在逐步压制各类干扰的同时,难于保护低频有效信息和波组特征;波场复杂,准确拾取叠加速度比较困难。利用各种新技术新方法提高该地区地震资料的精度,是该地区地震资料处理的目标。通过综合应用各种静校正、地表一致性处理、噪声衰减、偏移等技术和方法,解决了该地区资料处理的难题,提高了地震资料的精度。实际地震资料处理的结果表明,以上处理技术和方法对该区复杂的资料处理效果明显。     

Geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin

We investigated the geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin to better understand their cause. The structural situation, the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and unsuccessful well data collected from 1996 to 2005 were studied. The results show that the main geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells are a lack of effective source rocks and a lack of effective traps, as well as the migration-accumulation conditions that exist in this area. The basin was reformed by Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution. Multi-stage tectonic activities have both positive and negative effects on hydrocarbon accumulation. Source rocks distribution, effective migration channels, effective traps and the tectonic evolution effects on hydrocarbons should be the key objects for further studies.     

Relation between structural evolution of the Longmenshan orogenic zone and sedimentation of its foreland basin

In order to determine the area for oil and gas exploration in China's north Sichuan basin, we have divided the time during which the Longmenshan foreland basin was formed into five periods, based on the sedimentary response relationship of the fore-land basin to structural evolution: 1) a late Triassic Noric period; 2) an early-Middle Jurassic period; 3) a late Jurassic to early Cre-taceous period; 4) a late Cretaceous to Paleogene-Neogene period and 5) the Quaternary period. As well, we analyzed the sedimen-tary environment and lithologic features of every basin-forming period. The results show that there are several favorable source-reservoir-cap assemblages in our study area, making it a major region for future oil and gas exploration in China's northern Sichuan basin.     

ENSO事件对松花江流域夏季降水的影响

对1951—2000年的ENSO事件对松花江流域夏季(6—8月)降水的影响进行了分析,结果显示:赤道中东太平洋海温异常与松花江流域夏季降水有很好的相关性,特别是ENSO事件出现后,El Nino事件影响年通常对应于松花江流域夏季降水偏多,La Nina事件影响年松花江流域夏季降水则较常年偏少,且二者通过了置信度α=0.05的显著性检验.这种相关性可用于进行松花江流域夏季降水的预测.     

跌坎型底流消能工混凝土底板冲磨破坏机理分析

通过跌坎型底流消能工水力学试验和理论分析,研究了跌坎型底流消力池内底滚回流区、冲击区、附壁射流区水力特性及混凝土底板破坏机理,分析底板冲磨破坏类型分为大角度和小角度冲磨,并且分析比较了3个区域内临底流速之间的关系,得出临底流速的计算公式.     

巴彦浩特盆地演化特征与含油气性评价

古、中生代盆地发育受基底断裂控制,呈现由南向北迁移的特征。除自生自储类型以外,油气运移聚集主要与多期区域性不整合面有关。根据不同地区的改造特点、强度和保存条件等方面的差异,将盆地成藏单元类型划分叠合—再生型、改造—保存型、改造—再生型和改造—破坏型,其成藏条件和油气勘探远景依次变差。     

金沙江下游梯级水库汛期运行水位协同浮动调度研究

为验证梯级水库汛期运行水位协同浮动调度模型方法的合理性与普适性,在金沙江流域开展实例分析。首先考虑洪水预见期变化,应用动态多目标算法高效求解调度模型;然后评价汛期运行水位协同浮动调度的风险与效益;最后推求乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝水库的汛期运行水位协同浮动关系。研究结果表明：相比年汛限水位静态控制调度方案,梯级水库汛期运行水位协同浮动调度方案在不增加防洪风险前提下,各水库汛期运行水位均可适当抬升,汛期多年平均发电量和电站弃水减少量的最高值(改善率)可达1071亿kWh(11.1%)和649亿m³(14.3%),有效提高了洪水资源利用水平,综合效益巨大。     

基于季节长记忆双自回归模型的日径流模拟

传统时间序列模型无法同时考虑径流序列的长记忆性和时变波动性,且模型参数限制严格,从而使日径流序列模拟受到限制,影响径流模拟预测精度。本文提出了同时考虑非平稳性、季节性、长记忆性和时变波动性的新型双自回归模型(WOA-SFIDAR),并与经典长记忆波动率模型(SFIAR-GARCH)进行对比,选取渭河流域4个水文站日径流序列进行模拟验证。结果表明：WOA-SFIDAR模型的模拟能力优于SFIAR-GARCH模型,模拟结果很好地保持了日径流过程的统计特性。7、8月份模拟均值误差相对较大,WOA-SFIDAR模型的误差范围(5.72～32.56)低于SFIAR-GARCH模型(7.42～48.02)。WOA-SFIDAR模拟逐月变差系数(C_v)和偏态系数(C_s)与实测序列统计值间偏差范围为0～0.51和0.02～1.31,优于SFIAR-GARCH模型(0.02～0.56和0.06～1.52);模拟结果能够保持日径流序列自相关系数(ACF)的变化趋势,且随滞时的增加,实测序列与模拟序列的ACF差距减小。文中模型扩展了水文随机模拟方法,可为日径流模拟...