华北板块与扬子板块的碰撞与地体拼贴效应

本文按 D.G.Howell 等人关于地体的定义,将华北板块与扬子板块之间划分为三个地体。初步认为,上述二板块的碰接,实质上是先行并贴于该两大陆边缘的诸地体间再拼贴。由此引发的一系列地质效应中,主要的构造效应有:体间滑动、层间滑动、热构造事件以及叠缩作用等。     

长江中、下游断裂拗陷带的构造发展与成矿作用

长江中、下游断裂拗陷带的发展过程可分为后雪峰、后加里东和后印支三个阶段。每个阶段都有岩浆活动和与之有关的成矿作用。燕山期开始拗陷带的活动性增强,并具有向大陆裂谷发展的趋势,这种趋势与太平洋板块的北西向俯冲有关。     

芜湖长江大桥

芜湖长江大桥,是一座公路、铁路两用桥,在极其恶劣的环境条件下,采用了跨径为(180 312 180)m的斜拉桥,其特点为塔矮,塔高与中跨跨径之比为0.11,边跨跨径大,边跨与中跨的比值0.577,铁路荷载很大,动力作用大,提高梁的刚度,采取了三点措施,以满足铁路运行的需要.     

Metallogenic conditions of gold-bearing skarn deposits along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

The authors discussed the metallogenic conditions of gold-bearing skarn deposits along the middle-lower Yangtze River reaches. Gold was enriched in mantle-originated magmas while copper was enriched in crust-originated magmas. So the enrichment of gold in skarn deposits was decided by the M/C ratios of the intrusive rocks. The distribution of these deposits was controlled not only by the localization of the intrusive rocks which were decided by Mesozoic Era-developed large-scaled and deep-seated faults, but also by the favorable stratigraphic horizons. Synopsis of the first author Zhang Shugen, associate professor, born in 1958, received Ph. D degree in 1993, majoring in ore deposit and geochemistry, has published 44 papers.     

长江口北支咸潮倒灌控制工程水动力数值模拟

运用水流数学模型对长江口北支咸潮倒灌控制工程方案进行模拟,分析了3个控制工程方案实施后的效果及对周边区域的影响。结果表明,综合咸潮倒灌的控制效果、防洪排涝影响及对南支的影响等,中束窄方案为本研究的推荐方案。     

建立线性相关方程的最小距离平方和法

介绍了建立线性相关方程的最小距离平方和法(简称最小距离和法).它综合考虑X及Y方向离差,使点(x,y)到相关直线距离平方和最小,由此确定线性相关关系的定量关系--线性方程.与常用的图解法相比,本法所得成果较为客观;与传统的单方向(x或y方向)最小二乘回归法相比,本法所求线性方程不会因坐标系的选取而改变,可称为相关方程.最后应用横山和沙河水库资料给出了算例,并进行了初步讨论.     

Conceptualization and implementation of a multi-agent model to simulate whale-watching tours in the St. Lawrence Estuary in Quebec, Canada

The Saguenay St. Lawrence Marine Park (SSLMP) and the adjacent Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the St. Lawrence Estuary, in Quebec, cover a territory of exceptional biodiversity including 12 species of marine mammals, nearly half of which are considered to be endangered species. Whale-watching trips and other human activities related to commercial shipping, tourism, and recreation generate very intensive traffic in the area, which pose cumulative threats to the marine wildlife. This study has been undertaken in collaboration with the Marine Park and the MPA managers to develop a multi-agent system (MAS) to investigate the interactions between the traffic and the marine mammals in the estuary. This paper describes the first prototype version of the proposed MAS model where the focus is on the whale-watching boats. It discusses the conceptual model with its principal components: the physical environment and the boat agents and whale entities, and the implementation of the model with the behavior rules of the agents. In this version of the MAS, the whale-watching boats are represented as cognitive agents while the whales are simple reactive entities. The prototype model was implemented in the agent-based modeling platform RePast. An index, the happiness factor (i.e., the ratio of whale observation time over the trip duration) was designed to measure how successful the boat agents are in achieving their goal. Simulations were run to assess different decision strategies of the boat agents and their impacts on the whales. Results show that cooperative behavior that involves a combination of innovator and imitator strategies yields a higher average happiness factor over non-cooperative, purely innovators, behavior. However, this cooperative behavior creates increased risk for the whale populations in the estuary.     

氮磷比对长江中下游地区浅水湖泊群 浮游植物类群的影响

2003 年夏和 2004 年夏对中国长江中下游地区的 30 个浅水湖泊的浮游植物类群进行调查。为了研究不同氮磷比(TN/TP)对浮游植物组成的影响,将浮游2003 年夏和 2004 年夏对中国长江中下游地区的 30 个浅水湖泊的浮游植物类群进行调查。为了研究不同氮磷比(TN/TP)对浮游植物组成的影响,将浮游植物的六个门,分别在 TN/TP＞30、12＜TN/TP＜30、TN/TP＜12 三个区间随总磷的变化规律进行研究。当 TN/TP 从高水平(＞30)降到中等水平(12～30)时,除蓝藻门外的其他五个浮游植物门的斜率均随总磷的升高而增加。但是当 TN/TP从中等水平(12～30)降到低水平(＜12)时,除绿藻和隐藻门外,其他浮游植物门的斜率均随总磷的升高呈下降趋势。当 TN/TP 从高水平(＞30)降到降至低水平(＜12)时,蓝藻门的斜率不断降低,说明蓝藻在较高 TN/TP 有更好的生长潜力。同样发现,绿藻和隐藻门则随 TN/TP 的降低有更好的生长潜力。当 TN/TP 在高水平(＞30)和低水平(＜12)时,硅藻、甲藻和裸藻门的斜率均发生下降,说明这三个门的藻类在 TN/TP 为中等水平(12～30)的环境中有更好的生长潜力。     

长江上游水库群多目标优化调度模型及应用研究I：模型原理及求解

水库群调度中发电与供水、生态等目标既非完全对立也非完全协调,其优化调度决策非常复杂.本文以长江上游15座大型水库群联合调度为背景,研究建立了包含发电、河道外供水和河道内生态用水等目标的非线性优化调度模型,以逐步优化算法(POA)为基础,引入优化窗口(L)和滑动距离(l)两个参数,提出了扩展型逐步优比算法(E-POA)以提高非线性模型的求解效率与效能.经与线性全局优化策略相比,E-POA方法有效、解集合理.长江上游15座大型水库长系列联合多目标调度计算结果表明,水库群调度在发电、供水、生态等目标存在不对称博弈关系,河道外供水与河道内生态用水竞争强烈,发电与河道内供水竞争较弱.当优化计算的总发电量为总设计发电量的96.3％时,系统的发电量、河道外供水和河道内生态用水目标可达成较好的协调统一.多年平均条件下,15座水库群联合调度的总期望发电量为2 625.8～2 700.1亿kW·h,略小于总设计发电量.     

稳步推进长江流域综合管理的思考

在分析国外流域管理发展历程与现状的基础上,介绍了流域综合管理的概念、内涵、目标和任务。针对长江流域涉水事务管理现状和存在问题,从健全管理法规、创新管理体制、建立管理机制、完善管理制度、加强执法监督、提升管理能力等六个方面提出了推进长江流域综合管理的对策和措施。