赣抚平原灌区管理体制与运行机制改革探讨

介绍了赣抚平原灌区存在的问题和改革思路．     

居民对改善城市水环境支付意愿的研究

运用条件价值评估法,对银川市居民为改善水环境的支付意愿及其影响因素作了初步分析。计算结果显示,研究范围内的居民年平均支付意愿约为175.55元/户。回归分析表明,居民家庭年平均收入、教育水平、对现状水环境的满意程度和对供水部门的信任程度等因素对支付意愿有显著影响。     

Adaptation of urban distribution to the fluvial geomorphic environment and the reconstruction of the river system structure by urban distribution in Haihe Plain in the past 2,200 years

The alluvial plain of many of the world's large rivers is generally an area with concentrated urban distribution and a long history of development. In eastern China, the alluvial plains downstream of large rivers such as the Haihe River are the most densely populated and economically developed regions. Beijing, the capital of China, is located on the Haihe Plain. It is a matter of great significance that the region's capacity for livability and sustainable development be improved. Using the river geomorphic data and historical town information, methods of spatial statistical analysis and historical literature research, this paper analyzes the spatial relationship between the distribution of urban centers and the fluvial geomorphology of the Haihe Plain over more than 2,200 years. The research finds that: first, different levels of cities and towns have led to varying choices regarding the fluvial geomorphic environment. Second, in different periods in which different transportations were dominant, the distribution of cities and towns has adapted to the fluvial geomorphology. In the land transportation period, urban settlements mainly concentrated on the diluvial-alluvial fans at the foot of the Taihang Mountain; in the inland shipping period, they focused on gathering at the confluence of rivers on the central plain and along the canals; in the period of global trade, Tianjin, a trade center, established itself at the mouth of the Haihe River. Third, humans intend to rebuild water system structures (such as the Grand Canal) in the context of major water conservancy projects in the basin to meet the needs of the expanding regions and towns. The research shows that the urban development of the Haihe Plain should adapt to the natural regional pattern and establish a solution based on respecting the natural conditions of the basin, to make the regional sustainable development more resilient.     

建筑地基加固中素混凝土桩施工常见问题及解决措施

素混凝土桩复合地基因其施工工艺便捷、造价低、承载能力高以及沉降量较低等诸多优点，在建筑地基处理中得到了广泛的应用。基于此，本文以某新区回迁楼三期项目素混凝土桩施工项目为例，分析研究了素混凝土桩施工中常见的质量问题并提出解决措施，对素混凝土桩复合地基更好的应用具有一定的促进作用。     

浙江温黄平原典型河流水质改善方案研究

选取台州市东官河作为浙江温黄平原典型河流的代表,构建MIKE11河网水环境数学模型,基于水量、水质同步实测数据对模型进行率定验证。为保证东官河控制断面水质达标,综合考虑水文条件、污染物削减和引水3个方面因素,提出了9套研究区域模型计算方案。结果表明,近期区域内污染物削减60%,控制长潭水库调水量为2 000万m3时,东官河水质可达Ⅳ类;远期区域内污染物削减90%时,东官河水质基本可达Ⅲ类即功能区水质目标。本研究旨在为东官河水环境综合整治提供技术支撑。     

水利营建引导下莆田平原传统聚落景观特征与形成机制

【目的】莆田平原传统聚落的生成、发展与水利营建密切相关，并衍生了相应的景观特征。厘清人地系统中传统聚落和水利营建的作用关系，可促进传统聚落的保护利用。【方法】通过史料梳理、实地勘察，结合空间图解、ArcGIS空间分析，从水利系统和聚落的演变过程出发，分析水利系统的结构及其影响下传统聚落的分布特征、形态特征和形成机制。【结果】1）莆田平原水利系统和传统聚落历经了“筑塘蓄水，围塘而居”“截溪筑陂，凿渠引水”“增涵固堤，围海渐垦”3个演变阶段，形成了由防御单元、引水单元、传输单元、调控单元组成的水利系统；2）传统聚落在空间分布上呈现出多个集聚区域，其中水系对传统聚落具有基础性作用，由此形成了堤塘聚落、陂闸聚落、灌渠聚落、河迹聚落、山麓聚落五大类，具有不同的空间分布和形态特征；3）莆田平原传统聚落是水环境限定、水系统建设、水管理调控、水信仰凝聚下综合形成的产物。【结论】揭示了水利营建引导下莆田平原传统聚落的演变过程、景观特征、形成机制，对人居环境营建逻辑的阐释和国土景观多样性的维护具有重要意义。     

支持向量机在三江平原井灌水稻需水量预测中的应用

探讨了支持向量机在水稻需水量预测中的应用.在介绍支持向量机基本思想和回归算法的基础上,利用此方法对三江平原井灌水稻生育期内需水量进行预测.结果表明:该方法具有速度快,泛化能力强,并具有较高的模型拟合和预测精度,为当地制定合理的节水灌溉制度提供理论依据.