Mitochondrial Control Region Variability in Mytilus galloprovincialis Populations from the Central-Eastern Mediterranean Sea

The variable domain 1 (VD1) domain of the control region and a small segment of the rrnaL gene of the F mtDNA type were sequenced and analyzed in 174 specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Samples were collected from eight locations in four Central-Eastern (CE) Mediterranean countries (Italy, Croatia, Greece and Turkey). A new primer, specific for the F mtDNA type, was designed for the sequencing procedure. In total 40 different haplotypes were recorded, 24 of which were unique. Aside from the two populations situated in Thermaikos gulf (Northern Aegean, Greece), relatively high levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity were estimated for both Central and Eastern Mediterranean populations. Eight out of the 40 haplotypes were shared by at least three populations while two of them were found in all populations. Φ_ST and cluster analysis revealed lack of structuring among CE Mediterranean populations with the exception of those located at the Sea of Marmara and Croatian coast which were highly differentiated. Apart from the species’ inherit dispersal ability, anthropogenic activities, such as the repeated translocations of mussel spat, seem to have played an important role in shaping the current genetic population structure of CE M. galloprovincialis mussels.     

STUDY ON THE WIND AND WAVE EXTREME PARAMETERS OF TONKIN GULF IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA-THE APPLICATIONS OF LAGFD NUMERICAL MODELS

Based on the hindcast of the severest 75 tropical cyclones (hereafter is called TCs) which affected Tonkin Gulf in history, the present paper gives sea surface wind and wave extreme parameters at 38 points corresponding to (1/2)×(1/2)?grid in the Gulf. The research increases our understanding of the meteo-ocean conditions on the whole area and provides basic data for ocean environmental research and engineering design.     

Relative abundance of mosquitoes and snails associated with water hyacinth and hippo grass in the Nyanza gulf of Lake Victoria

This study was conducted from September to December 2008 to investigate the relative abundance of malaria vectors and schistosomiasis host snails associated with aquatic weeds in Nyanza Gulf (Lake Victoria). Larval and adult’s stages of mosquitoes, lakeflies and snails were collected and identified with standard entomological and malacological techniques. The relative species composition and abundance of fish associated with macrophytes were also determined. Physico‐chemical parameters were determined with standard analytical methods. Community‐based surveys were also conducted, using standard questionnaires, focused group discussions and direct observations. The results of this study indicated that the abundance of malaria‐causing mosquitoes was low, accounting for only 0.4% of the total number of mosquitoes and lake flies collected from the gulf. Lake flies (Chaoborus and Chironomus spp.) were the most abundant flying insects associated with aquatic macrophytes (84.2%), followed by Culicines Culex spp. (12.2%) and Aedes spp. mosquitoes (3.2%). Biomphalaria sudanica and Bulinus africanus, the two most common hosts for schistosomiasis in the gulf, were detected in both types of macrophytes, but were most significantly attached to water hyacinth (P < 0.0001) and hippo grass (P = 0.0003). There were significantly fewer snails attached to the hippo grass, compared with those unattached in the open water (P < 0.05, GENMOD). Different habitats exhibited low Secchi disc transparency values, but elevated total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll‐a concentrations, as well as algal cell counts. Furthermore, Oreochromis niloticus and Haplochromine fishes were more abundant in water hyacinth mats compared with hippo grass mats and open‐water habitats. The low mosquito abundance indicated that the sampled habitats were unsuitable for mosquito breeding, likely attributable to water turbulence and/or predation by larvivorous fish. The strong association between B. sudanica and B. africanus and aquatic macrophytes, and the observation that local communities perform many lakeshore‐related activities that bring them into contact with water, can potentially lead to a higher prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Nyanza Gulf region.     

Positron Emission Tomography Applied to Fluidization Engineering

The movement of particles in a laboratory fluidized bed has been studied using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). With this non‐invasive technique both pulses of various shapes and single tracer particles were followed in 3‐D. The equipment and materials used made it possible to label actual bed particles as tracer. This paper briefly describes the data analysis, some of the results and compares them with a stochastic model. The results confirm the basic assumptions of the model qualitatively but not quantitatively. Further analysis of the results indicates that the system exhibits gulf‐streaming, a feature which is not yet accounted for in the model, but is common in fluidized beds in practice.     

论中国对联合国安理会678号决议弃权的原因

1990年伊拉克侵占邻国科威特后,联合国安理会通过了授权以美国为首的多国部队对伊拉克动武的678号决议。作为安理会常任理事国,中国对该决议案投了弃权票。其真正原因主要是678号决议包含对伊拉克动武的内容有悖于中国力主和平解决国际危机的一贯立场;安理会在授权动武时缺少联合国宪章所规定的采取强制性军事行动的前提条件;中国不能接受美国将中方支持678号决议与恢复中美正常关系紧密挂钩的做法;海湾战争扩大化势必会影响作为伊拉克最大债权国之一的中国的经济利益。总之,中国政府慎重决定弃权,绝不是偶然的。     

利用海洋卫星HY-1数据反演叶绿素a的浓度

利用去包络线法分析了叶绿素的光谱特征,构造了一种新的指数NDPI（Normalized Difference Pigment Index）反映海洋中的浮游植物。以辽东湾为研究区,通过我国第一颗海洋水色卫星HY-1数据获得NDPI值,再根据实测数据建立了叶绿素a浓度反演模型。和波段比值法及类似SeaWiFS的OCAv4算法比较,NDPI算法优势明显,算法稳定。根据该算法反演整个海区的叶绿素a分布,和前人的现场调查有很好的一致性。结果表明HY-1可用于海洋叶绿素反演,用NDPI算法能获得实时大面积海域叶绿素a浓度。     

基于联合运输的物流配送路径(MVRP)问题研究

针对广西北部湾物流发展中港口站点集疏运不畅的问题,从联合运输的角度出发改进广西北部湾运输网络,研究了联合运输网络下的物流配送路径问题(MVRP).以满足客户运输总费用最小、运输总时间最短为优化目标,同时利用运输方式共享指标反映运输工具利用率情况,并构建了配送路径选择的数学模型.采用了多阶段启发式算法解决上述问题,首先通过改进的Martins算法找出非劣路径集合,依据运输方式兼容性剔除无效路径,然后进行运输方式分配,得到从客户点至港口终点的优化配送路径.模拟实例证明了该启发式算法具有良好的性能.     

导向钻井技术在悬臂式钻井平台的应用

介绍渤海辽东湾为减轻钻机作业负荷，保证悬臂梁安全载荷而使用了导向钻井技术、精确控制井眼轨迹所做的一次成功的尝试。为今后应用导向钻井技术以及使用悬臂式钻井平台发挥海上石油勘探和开发中的重大作用，积累了经验。     

广西北部湾填海造陆工程地基基础及施工方法

通过对北部湾大型填海造陆工程(工业基地)的施工方法和不同岩土组合特性形成的机理研究与分类,结合该地域多项不同类型工程的地基处理与基础施工经验,总结和研究不同地基与基础类型"经济、高效、安全"的最佳施工与处理方法.