高海拔、高寒地区高性能混凝土及技术研究

通过分析东部与西部高原各种建筑材料使用性能的历史及现状特点,寻找它们之间材料使用寿命的差异,提出新材料的使用范围和条件。重点研究了盐湖及超盐渍土地区化学作用和物理作用对混凝土侵蚀破坏的机理,提出增强研究区内混凝土工程耐久性的措施,提供了耐腐蚀混凝土配合比的设计及外加剂类型。从而对今后在西部高海拔、高寒地区修建混凝土建筑物及其它材质的建筑物提供科学依据,为西部高原地区重大基础建设工程提供技术支撑。     

黄土高原半干旱区生态化“水—绿”双赢空间模式构建

黄土高原半干旱区是风景园林规 划的生态敏感地带,缺水少绿是当地人居环 境面临的主要问题。通过对水、绿、人三者 微妙关系的研究,以集水造绿、生态修复与 产业规划为切入点,将“水绿双赢”理论与 基于人居要素的景观空间规划实践相结合, 可总结出该区生态化水绿双赢的秩序原则、 类型原则、形式原则和承载原则,并根据四 类典型地形构建川塘水岸挂淤减蒸、固根护 岸、乔灌混交、农林共产的空间模式,沟壑 沟底保墒淤地、果农间作、沟坡同治、固坝 缓流的空间模式,山地坡面因产制地、散坡 控流、纯混复层、梯坡同造的生态化水绿双 赢空间模式。空间模式可指导该区的风景园 林规划,改善人居环境。     

高原矿井增压通风研究

为解决高原矿山井下低压低氧的工作环境问题,提出了对于高原矿山宜采用以压为主的压抽结合的通风方式,并从理论上分析了人工增压的必要性和可行性。以某高原矿山为背景,结合高原矿山的环境特点,对关键通风参数进行了校核,并以高原适应性修正后的通风关键参数为基础,运用Ventsim三维通风模拟软件搭建了通风系统的三维可视化模型和网络实时解算平台,对增能调节、增阻调节等人工增压方式进行模拟与解算,得出在不同增压方式下的增压效果。研究结果表明:高原矿山宜采用以压为主的压抽结合的通风方式,并通过人工增压的方式有效地提高井下的大气压力,可基本满足井下作业人员的需求,对于高原矿井的增压通风具有适用性和科学性。     

Modified vegetation-erosion dynamics model and its application in typical watersheds in the Loess Plateau

The vegetation-erosion model was applied in three typical watersheds of hilly and gully area in the Loess Plateau in northwestern China to study the dynamic relations between vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate and various stresses. The model was improved by introducing rainfall and runoff factors. Then the modified model was applied in the Luergou and Luoyugou watersheds. The calculation results with the modified model were compared with the results of the original model. The precisioos of simulated vegetation coverage and soil erosion rate with the modified model were greatly improved compared with the original model. Soil erosion rate reduced with increasing vegetation coverage and the human disturbance caused high soil erosion.     

Geomagnetic polarity transitions recorded in the Miocene lavas of the Wuyu basin,Tibet

Geomagnetic polarity transitions were the most important phenomena in the study of the geomagnetic field evolution and the earth's deep interior dynamics.The Miocene postcollisional ultrapotassic-potassic rocks are widely distributed in the Lhasa Block of southern Tibet.Paleomagnetic studies on the Wuyu Formation indicated that these volcanic rocks recorded the C5Bn.2n-C5Bn.1r and C5ACr-C5ACn geomagnetic polarity transitions.The virtual geomagnetic poles(VGPs) of these two polarity transitions were located ...     

Thick Miocene eolian deposits on the Huajialing Mountains:The geomorphic evolution of the western Loess Plateau

The geomorphic evolution of northwestern China during the Cenozoic has been a subject of much geological interest because of its link with the uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan complex.Much information about these changes is recoverable from the sedimentary sequences of the region.We report here on the thick eolian deposits mantling the Huajialing Mountains,a relatively flat mountain range in the western Loess Plateau.Correlation of magnetic susceptibility stratigraphy with the QA-I Miocene eolian sequence da...     

Rheological and micro-Raman time-series characterization of enzyme sol–gel solution toward morphological control of electrospun fibers

Abstract

Rheological and micro-Raman time-series characterizations were used to investigate the chemical evolutionary changes of silica sol–gel mixtures for electrospinning fibers to immobilize an enzyme (tyrosinase). Results of dynamic rheological measurements agreed with the expected structural transitions associated with reacting sol–gel systems. The electrospinning sols exhibited shear-thinning behavior typical of a power law model. Ultrafine (200–300 nm diameter) fibers were produced at early and late times within the reaction window of approximately one hour from initial mixing of sol solutions with and without enzyme; diameter distributions of these fibers showed much smaller deviations than expected. The enzyme markedly increased magnitudes of both elastic and viscous moduli but had no significant impact on final fiber diameters, suggesting that the shear-thinning behavior of both sol–gel mixtures is dominant in the fiber elongation process. The time course and scale for the electrospinning batch fabrication show strong correlations between the magnitudes in rheological property changes over time and the chemical functional group evolution obtained from micro-Raman time-series analysis of the reacting sol–gel systems.     

基于Landsat TM 数据的若尔盖县LUCC 时空特征研究

若尔盖县是世界著名若尔盖湿地的主要组成部分, 是青藏高原高寒生态系统的典型代表。基于1989 年、1997 年和2004 年3 期Landsat TM 影像的土地利用ö土地覆被分类结果, 运用地理信息系统空间分析方法和数理统计学方法, 深入分析了四川省若尔盖县近15 年来各土地利用/覆被类型尤其是草地和沼泽的数量和空间变化特征。结果表明: ①研究区主要土地利用与土地覆被类型为草地、沼泽、林地和裸地, 其中草地与沼泽面积逐步减少, 而裸地面积成倍增长。②通过建立研究区LU CC 幅度、LU CC 数量和空间变化模型以及趋势与状态指数模型, 很好的表现了研究区LU CC 的时空特征。从整个区域来看, 前期综合LU CC 趋势和状态指数为0. 37, 处于准平衡状态;后期小于前期, 为0. 23, 处于平衡状态, 整个时段其指数为0. 35, 为准平衡状态, 呈现双向转换态势。③定位分析了研究区LU CC 情况, 发现区域草地和沼泽退化相当严重, 而且前后两期退化区在空间上有所转移。     

生态混凝土在青藏高原地区的试验研究及工程应用

通过进行试验室和青海省西宁市湟水河河道治理工程现场试验,研究了骨料种类与级配、水泥用量、水灰比、SR-3 和 SR-4 添加剂的选用及掺量比例对生态混凝土性能(强度、孔隙率、透水系数、酸碱度等)的影响,在试验和分析的基础上开发出适合于高原严酷环境的具有护坡、植生等功能的生态混凝土.     

从原生走向可持续发展--黄土高原绿色窑居的地区建筑学解析与建构

本文为国家自然科学基金“九五”重点资助项目的重要组成部分,是建立在“黄土高原绿色窑居住区研究的科学基础与方法论”(详见《建筑学报》2002.4)的基础上,针对传统窑居研究的现代意义和对其“原型”的解析,以及绿色窑居体系“地域基因”的架构。