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21.
This paper investigates the catalytic ignition of the H2/O2/CO2 mixture on platinum in a stagnation flow at atmospheric pressure experimentally and numerically. We measure the ignition temperatures of the gas mixtures flowing towards resistively heated platinum with various composition ratios and various diluent gases of N2, Ar and CO2. Compared with N2 or Ar, the CO2 dilution shows higher ignition temperature by about 50 K, even at the same composition ratio. The ignition temperature increase is proportional to the dilution ratio. Through the numerical simulation, it is illustrated that higher ignition temperature is caused by the adsorption of CO2 and following dissociation on platinum surface, which was to date considered negligible in catalytic combustion. 相似文献
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We report on picosecond time resolved spectroscopy of photogenerated infrared active vibrations in thin films of 2,5-dioctyloxy poly(phenylene vinylene). We excited the films by ?4 ps long pulses of 565 nm laser light with 2×1013 photons/cm2 per pulse and repetition rate of 76 MHz. We then followed the temporal evolution of the infrared active vibrational (IRAV) spectrum using a subsequent, variably delayed, weak tunable IR probe pulses of similar temporal duration. Under these conditions, we show clear spectroscopic evidence for photogenerated infrared active vibrations at times which are shorter than our temporal resolution (<4 ps). We suggest that the transient IRAV absorption is due to secondary polarons formation following exciton dissociation. 相似文献
24.
碳黑对苯乙烯自由基聚合反应影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了碳黑对苯乙烯单体聚合物反应的影响,结果表明,用过氧化苯甲酰作引发剂,普通碳黑子对苯乙烯的聚合有强烈的阻聚作用,而用偶氮二异丁腈引发聚合物时,普通碳黑的阻聚性很小,当时碳黑进行接枝处理后,接枝碳黑对苯乙烯自由基聚合的影响程度与接枝方法有关,其中过氧化苯甲酰 自由基枝枝碳黑的聚性变化较大。 相似文献
25.
Daniela M. Nevskaia Maria Luisa Rojas Cervantes Antonio Guerrero Ruíz Juan de Dios Lpez Gonzlez 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1995,63(3):249-256
Adsorption of Triton X-100 on various silica substrates has been investigated. A number of solids, including a natural quartz, this quartz washed with HCl acid and subsequently heated at 1273 K; two aerosils and one Kieselgel silicas were studied. These solids exhibit surface areas in the range of 5 to 430 m2 g?1. All the Triton adsorption isotherms display an S-shape at the adsorption temperatures studied (298 and 308 K). It has been found that the pretreatments of natural quartz (by water washing, impurities removed by acid and/or high temperature calcination) affect considerably the amounts of TX-100 adsorbed. Measurements of surface composition have been made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with particular emphasis on the presence of impurities and on the number of OH groups at the surface of the samples. The nature of the surface hydroxyl has also been studied by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the specific number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the silica samples has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally an attempt to correlate solid surface characteristics with adsorption isotherms has been developed. 相似文献
26.
Nitric oxide reduction and carbon monoxide oxidation over carbon-supported copper-chromium catalysts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Stegenga R. van Soest F. Kapteijn J. A. Moulijn 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》1993,2(4):257-275
Carbon supported copper-chromium catalysts are shown to be very active for both the reduction of nitric oxide with carbon monoxide and the oxidation of carbon monoxide with oxygen. Mixed copper-chromium oxide active phases have good activity in the simultaneous removal of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide from exhaust gases. The influence of several catalyst variables has been investigated. The activity per volume of catalyst increases with increasing loading, while the intrinsic activity shows a maximum around C/M=100−50. An optimum catalyst for nitric oxide reduction and carbon monoxide oxidation has a copper/chromium ratio of 2/1. The apparent activation energy for the carbon monoxide oxidation over carbon supported copper-chromium catalysts is 77 kJ/mol, suggesting that the Cu---O bond rupture is the rate-limiting process. The reduction of nitric oxide takes place at higher temperatures. Since all catalysts have a low selectivity for molecular nitrogen formation at lower temperatures, the dissociation of nitric oxide is probably rate determining, resulting in a slightly reduced catalyst system. In an excess of carbon monoxide the reaction is first-order in nitric oxide and zero-order in carbon monoxide. Moisture inhibits the reaction by reversible competitive adsorption, whereas carbon dioxide does not. Oxygen completely inhibits the reduction of nitric oxide due to the more rapid reoxidation of the catalytic sites compared to nitric oxide. Therefore, the reduction of nitric oxide takes place only when all oxygen has been converted and, hence, is shifted to higher temperatures. As a possible consequence, the production of nitrous oxide is reduced. Nitric oxide and molecular oxygen react preferentially with carbon monoxide, so, in an excess of oxidizing component, gasification of the carbon support occurs at higher temperatures after carbon monoxide has been completely consumed. 相似文献
27.
María P. Albano Liliana B. Garrido 《Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing》2002,10(4):211-218
Si3N4powders coated with 6 wt% Y2O3and 4 wt% Al2O3were prepared by coprecipitation. The resulting powders were dispersed in water at different pH values and with addition of various amounts of ammonium polyacrylate (NH4PA) to produce 32 vol% slips. The influence of the amount of NH4PA solution added and pH on the rheological properties of 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips were studied. In addition, the sintered density of cast samples was determined and related to the degree of slip dispersion. The adsorption of the NH4PA on the coated particle surface was rather high and the surface became saturated near 0.86 mg/m2at pH 9.2. High NH4PA concentrations (1.7–3 wt%) were necessary to obtain well dispersed 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips at pH 9.2. The best stabilization was obtained with the addition of 2.3 wt% NH4PA; in this condition, the viscosity reached a minimum value of 35 mPa.s at 100 s–1. The slip viscosity increased with increasing pH from 9.2 to 10.2. Slips with low viscosities gave a more dense packing of cast samples and consequently higher sintered density values. 相似文献
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十二酰胺丙基二甲基羟乙基氯化铵与十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的表面吸附和胶束形成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用十二酰胺丙基二甲胺和氯乙醇反应 ,合成了十二酰胺丙基二甲基羟乙基氯化铵 (DDHA)阳离子表面活性剂 ,将其与十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)以不同摩尔比进行混合 ,测定了混合系统的表面张力 ,计算了单一系统和混合系统的饱和吸附量、分子最小截面积 ,表面层和胶束中 DDHA的摩尔分率及分子间相互作用参数 ,目视观察了混合系统的浑浊情况。结果表明 :在降低γcmc和 cmc方面 ,DDHA SDS混合系统有协同效应 ,表面层和胶束的组成与二组分配比有关 ,但是非对称的 ,等物质的量混合物中 ,DDHA在胶束和表面层中具有较大的摩尔分数。DDHA与 SDS在实验测定的各混合系统中都不出现混浊 相似文献