贵州民族建筑现代境遇

从少数民族传统建筑建造过程的现状反思如何对待少数民族传统建筑的保护,发展和继承问题。     

Application of MIKE SHE modelling system to set up a detailed water balance computation

Estimation of total water balance is a substantial issue for watershed modelling in order to simulate the major components of the hydrological cycle to determine the stress of different anthropogenic activities on the available water resources within a catchment. In this context, the fully distributed physically based MIKE SHE modelling system was used to simulate the individual hydrological components of the total water balance for the Paya Indah Wetlands (PIW) watershed in the west of Peninsular Malaysia. Results reveal that the overall water balance is predominantly controlled by climate variables. Application of the model to the PIW watershed provides detailed estimation of the total water balance for a first‐order catchment in which actual evapotranspiration (ET) represents approximately 65 and 58%, while overland flow (OL) to the PIW lake system represents 12.38 and 12.3% of the total rainfall during the calibration and validation periods, respectively. The difference of the inflow and outflow was taken as storage in depth. Overall, the model gives a reasonable output of total error of less than 1% of the total rainfall, which in turn indicates that the interaction among components is satisfactorily sustained.     

The effect of traffic data source on deterioration rates of heavy-duty flexible pavements

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of traffic data source (estimated vs. actual) on predicted progression rates of roughness and rutting for heavy-duty flexible pavements of rural freeways. Progression rates are predicted using calibrated HDM-4 models. The assessment is performed in terms of variations in maintenance intervention timing associated with the variations in progression rates. Time series pavement condition data (covering 3–5 years) have been collected for 7 sections of rural freeways for use in calibrating HDM-4 deterioration models. They range in length from 10 to 60.8 km and cover different traffic volumes, climate zones and subgrade soil types. For these sections, estimated annual average daily traffic (AADT), growth factors and assumed loading have been extracted from relevant database. Only six segments of these sections have Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) sites so relevant actual AADT, growth factors and axle load distributions have been extracted from WIM reports. The results of running the calibrated HDM-4 deterioration models using different traffic data show that actual traffic data from WIM sites result in higher rates of deterioration to that of estimated data for four sites, resulting in earlier intervention timing and higher present value agency cost. The other two sites have lower rates with actual data due to lower traffic loading than estimated.     

阳泉三矿K8101回采工作面突水机理浅析

介绍了阳泉矿区在有同层积水威胁情况下开采 ,留设安全保护煤岩柱的方法和有关技术参数。     

中低温煤焦油模拟蒸馏曲线解析

利用Origin软件中的解析功能,将中低温煤焦油样品的模拟蒸馏曲线转化为类实沸点蒸馏曲线。类实沸点蒸馏曲线是模拟蒸馏曲线的导函数曲线,是沸点与相应沸点下物质含量的关系图,与实沸点蒸馏曲线类似。通过类实沸点蒸馏曲线可知,随着终温的升高,轻质组分减少,重油增加,沥青含量由30%左右逐渐增加到50%;在350~420℃类实沸点曲线皆出现波峰,波峰沸点物质含量随着煤样热解终温的升高而依次减少。中低温热解以解聚反应为主,高温高能量有利于高键能键的断裂,低温低能量有利于低键能键的断裂。     

传统文化元素在家具设计中的创新应用分析

目的 探索家具设计中传统传承与创新应用的策略。方法 传统文化元素与人们的生活紧密相连,其传承与发展过程中对家具设计的影响及融合应用给设计者的思维提供了广阔的空间,也促成了多样化的设计思路。以此现实背景为基点,结合传统文化给予家具发展的支持及两者的融合现状,对具体的应用原则进行分析,提出合理提取、符合传统、迎合审美三大应用方向,接着从现代家具设计中的结构形态、色彩、寓意等细节展开传统文化与现代思想的碰撞与实践论述,重点对彼此的融合与创新进行理论联系实践的方法探讨。结论 传统文化元素与现代家具的融合发展,进一步丰富了家具的文化内涵和美好寓意,这不仅符合当前人们的审美要求,还促进了传统与现代的现实交融与发展,有着极其深远的现实意义。     

影响煤炭质量的几个问题

论述了客观地质因素及开采过程中的人为因素直接影响生产矿井的煤炭质量。     

宁正煤田白垩系岩层冻结温度场实测与数值分析

宁正煤田煤层上覆巨厚白垩系富水岩层,井筒多采用冻结法施工。由于对该岩层冻结温度场扩展特性以及冻结壁受水化热影响范围等缺乏研究,导致冻结设计不合理、冻结壁交圈时间预判不准确等问题。针对上述问题,以宁正煤田新庄煤矿风井为背景,通过现场实测和数值模拟,对该矿井白垩系砂岩地层冻结温度场扩展特性、外井壁混凝土水化热对冻结壁的影响开展了研究。实测结果表明:砂岩地层冻结初期温度快速下降,平均降温速率达0.23℃/d,冻结锋面的发展速率达21.08 mm/d;混凝土水化热对冻结壁温度场的影响大,冻结壁的融化深度范围为440~480mm,距离外井壁50 mm的3#测点温度升高了33.6℃,平均升温速率达到了2.6℃/d。通过对数值模拟与实测结果比较发现:砂岩地层冻结壁扩展速度、井帮温度等参数值基本一致,能很好地预测冻结壁温度场变化规律。     

计算选煤产品实际产率格式法的修正

为了进一步提高格式公式法计算选煤产品实际产率的准确性 ,引入煤炭分选前后数质量平衡关系 ,对格式公式法进行修正 ;修正后的方法只需用复杂公式计算精煤产率即可 ,而不需要计算其他产率     

汉江流域降水、蒸发及径流长期变化趋势及持续性分析

分析汉江流域降水、蒸发、径流等水文要素长期变化趋势是开发利用汉江水资源、研究人类活动对江汉流域生态环境影响的前提。基于汉江流域13个水文站1960～2003年逐月降水量、气温观测资料,采用高桥蒸发模型计算了汉江流域年径流量,采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法分析了该流域降水量、蒸发量、径流量的变化趋势,并由Hurst指数分析了各水文要素变化趋势的可持续性。结果表明,采用高桥蒸发模型间接计算年径流量适应性较强,值得推广;汉江上游多数站点年降水量减少,下游站点年降水量增加,且变化趋势不显著;上游站点年蒸发量增加趋势显著,其余站点变化趋势不显著;上游多数站点年径流呈不显著减少状态,下游钟祥、天门和武汉站径流呈不显著增加状态;各站点水文要素均具有很强的持续性,降水、蒸发、径流的常数C分别为0.73、0.95、0.97。