Shallow circuits and concise formulae for multiple addition and multiplication

A theory is developed for the construction of carry-save networks with minimal delay, using a given collection of carry-save adders each of which may receive inputs and produce outputs using several different representation standards.The construction of some new carry-save adders is described. Using these carry-save adders optimally, as prescribed by the above theory, we get {, , }-circuits of depth 3.48 log₂ n and {, , }-circuits of depth 4.95 log₂ n for the carry-save addition ofn numbers of arbitrary length. As a consequence we get multiplication circuits of the same depth. These circuits put out two numbers whose sum is the result of the multiplication. If a single output number is required then the depth of the multiplication circuits increases respectively to 4.48 log₂ n and 5.95 log₂ n.We also get {, , }-formulae of sizeO (n ^3.13) and {, }-formulae of sizeO (n ^4.57) for all the output bits of a carry-save addition ofn numbers. As a consequence we get formulae of the same size for the majority function and many other symmetric Boolean functions.     

农药合成中使用各种有机单元反应的统计分析

对主要包括杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂等在内的农药系列产品的合成和生产，所使用到的各种有机单元反应，进行了统计分析。但最近几年，整个农药行业都在倡导用新的技术和方法，来合成和生产高效、低毒、安全的绿色农药新品种，因而使农药合成中各种有机单元反应被使用的频率百分数的统计分析发生了变化。     

硝铵装置降膜蒸发存在问题与改进措施

对我公司硝铵装置降膜蒸发工序存在的问题进行分析 ,并通过技术改进 ,使干燥洗涤液全部返回系统 ,造粒塔粘塔问题得到缓解 ,取得可观的经济效益和环保效益     

Changes of Pan Evaporation in the Recent 40 Years in the Yellow River Basin

Abstract

Based on monitoring data of 123 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2000 near or in the Yellow River Basin, the spatial and temporal distributions and their trends for pan evaporation (PE) are investigated in this study. The results indicate that, despite the annual mean air temperature over the Yellow River Basin has, on average, increased by 0.6° over the past 40 years, the rate of PE has steadily decreased, especially in summer and spring. Compared with the period of 1960s to 1970s, the rate of annual pan evaporation during 1980s to 1990s has decreased by 126mm or 7.0 percent. Spatial distribution of the rate of change show that this kind of trend is general but not universal, PE has significantly decreased over the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, but increased to a small degree over the middle reaches. Further analyses show that the decrease of PE is mainly related to reductions in sunshine durations and solar irradiance, owing to more clouds and aerosols.     

反应合成2-[（4-硝基苯基）羟甲基]丙烯酸酯

通过MBH反应,用路易斯碱催化丙烯酸酯与对硝基苯甲醛的亲核加成反应,合成了一系列2-[（4-硝基苯基）羟甲基]丙烯酸酯。研究了各种因素对产率的影响,优化了反应条件。离子液体[N-μ-（CH2CH2）3N＋H][CH3COO-]为催化剂;THF为溶剂;反应物最佳配料比为：n（丙烯酸酯）∶n（对硝基苯甲醛）∶n（离子液催化剂）=3∶1∶1;在室温下反应24h。目标产物经柱色谱分离提纯,对其分子结构进行了1 H NMR,13C NMR,IR表征。     

多场作用下海水淡化温度响应

探究多场作用下海水蒸发速率的温度响应关系.实验结果表明,超声波与磁场协同作用时,海水温度55℃以下主要表现出超声波的作用效果,超过55℃磁场作用表现明显.超声波与自由表面波频率相近时发生共振,使空化作用产生的微米级液滴能够克服表面张力,从宏观上加速海水蒸发;微观上,磁场作用改变水分子及团簇的结构、盐离子的热运动,进一步改变海水黏度、扩散系数等传递特性.两者的协同作用可为海水淡化提供新的思路.     

西藏结则茶卡盐湖卤水15℃蒸发浓缩析盐规律研究

从资源开发和利用的角度出发对西藏结则茶卡盐湖卤水的蒸发浓缩析盐规律进行相图分析及实验研究．研究高温蒸发浓缩后再平衡冷却至15℃卤水的析盐规律,同时获得组成、析盐率、成卤率等的变化规律．为结则茶卡盐湖卤水的综合开发利用,确定最佳的工艺流程和工艺参数提供理论基础．     

基于灰关联分析的KFCM-LSSVM蒸发过程软测量

针对氧化铝蒸发过程出口浓度在线检测问题,提出一种基于灰色关联分析和核模糊聚类相结合的多支持向量机蒸发过程建模方法.该方法采用灰色关联分析提取影响出口浓度较大的变量,再用核模糊聚类算法将样本划分成不同的子类,并对各子类构建的支持向量机模型的输出综合加权得到最终输出.对蒸发过程生产数据进行实验,并与核模糊聚类最小二乘支持向量机(KFCM-LSSVM)相比较,结果表明新模型鲁棒性较强、精度较高、泛化性更好,可以用于蒸发过程的优化控制.     

蒸发结晶操作中传热温差的选择

蒸发结晶是化工生产中常见的单元操作，在其加热过程中，较高的传热温差对于强化传热效率、提高设备能力极为有利。但是，传热温差过高会引起蒸发结晶操作的不稳定，甚至造成生产装置停车，使所追求的高效率适得其反。因此，必须合理选择传热温差，以保证生产装置在高效、稳定的状况下运行。