基于固定参数轨道的动态精密解算精度

为了验证动态精密解算在地震等连续运动平台中的应用效果,使用采样率为1 Hz的双频GPS接收机,并利用参数已知的轨道进行了动态模拟实验.以地震模拟动态平台进行实验,并利用GAMIT软件中的Track模块进行实验分析,通过对GPS数据的精密处理及对不同距离基准站数据的分析,得到了运动轨道图.结果表明:Track模块可使测量点的水平和垂直方向解算精度达到毫米级,说明此种解算方法适合在实际动态测量中进行应用,可以用来反演在地震发生时的地表动态变化情况.     

Parameters Sensitivity Analysis and Correction for Concrete Damage Plastic Model

In order to understand the effect of hardening ductility parameters and softening ductility parameters of the concrete damage plastic model in LS-DYNA,a sensitivity and reliability analysis of these parameters through a convenient cube unit test was conducted.The results showed that the peak strength strain was independent of the hardening ductility parameter DH,but affected by AH,BH,and CH.The softening ductility was mainly related to the softening ductility parameter AS,but not affected by the damage ductility exponent BS.In case that the model with default parameters failed to match the AS-controlled damage softening phase,an optimized model with an AS correction was developed.The corrected model with the AS value of 2 matched well with the code model,and exhibited good feasibility in predicting the stress-strain curve of different grades of concrete.Moreover,the practicability of the corrected model was further validated by the conventional triaxial test.The simulated curve exhibited favorable consistence with the trial curve.Therefore,the model with parameter correction could provide a prospective reference for predicting the mechanical properties of concrete.     

工艺参数对蠕变时效2124铝合金力学性能和微观组织的影响

研究2124铝合金在蠕变时效过程中工艺参数对力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明，蠕变量和蠕变速率随着时效时间、温度、应力的增大而增大。硬度随着时间和应力的增加呈类似于先增加后减小的趋势。在实验温度185～195℃范围内，温度对硬度的影响不大。当蠕变条件为200MPa、185℃、8h时，试样得到最佳的力学性能，此时试样基体内同时存在强化相S＂相和S＇相。透射电镜观察表明外加应力能促进析出相的析出和长大，基体中没有发现明显的应力位向效应。     

基坑围护中参数选择与静探试验关系的探讨

介绍了工程中剪切强度指标的选择原则,通过静探试验,对原位测试指标和剪切强度指标进行了相关性研究,发现原位测试指标可以为基坑围护设计时的参数选择提供依据。     

简谐波在土木工程领域中的应用探析

对简谐运动进行了介绍,研究了简谐波在土木工程频域中的作用,指出用简谐波进行频域分析比用其他波形分析更具有优势,且根据简谐波推导出的某些计算方法在进行计算分析时有着效率高的优势。     

Invited review: Genetics and modeling of milk coagulation properties

Milk coagulation properties (MCP) are conventionally measured using computerized renneting meters, mechanical or optical devices that record curd firmness over time (CF_t). The traditional MCP are rennet coagulation time (RCT, min), curd firmness (a₃₀, mm), and curd-firming time (k₂₀, min). The milk of different ruminant species varies in terms of CF_t pattern. Milk from Holstein-Friesian and some Scandinavian cattle breeds yields higher proportions of noncoagulating samples, samples with longer RCT and lower a₃₀, and samples for which k₂₀ is not estimable, than does milk from Brown Swiss, Simmental, and other local Alpine breeds. The amount, proportion, and genetic variants (especially κ-casein) of milk protein fractions strongly influence MCP and explain variable proportions of the observed differences among breeds and among individuals of the same breed. In addition, other major genes have been shown to affect MCP. Individual repeatability of MCP is high, whereas any herd effect is low; thus, the improvement of MCP should be based principally on selection. Exploitable additive genetic variation in MCP exists and has been assessed using different breeds in various countries. Several models have been formulated that either handle noncoagulating samples or not. The heritability of MCP is similar to that of other milk quality traits and is higher than the heritability of milk yield. Rennet coagulation time and a₃₀ are highly correlated, both phenotypically and genetically. This means that the use of a₃₀ data does not add valuable information to that obtainable from RCT; both traits are genetically correlated mainly with milk acidity. Moreover, a₃₀ is correlated with casein content. The major limitations of traditional MCP can be overcome by prolonging the observation period and by using a novel CF_t modeling, which uses all available information provided by computerized renneting meters and allows the estimation of RCT, the potential asymptotic curd firmness, the curd-firming rate, and the syneresis rate. Direct measurements of RCT obtained from both mechanical and optical devices show similar heritabilities and exhibit high phenotypic and genetic correlations. Moreover, mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy can predict MCP. The heritabilities of predicted MCP are higher than those of measured MCP, and the 2 sets of values are strongly correlated. Therefore, mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy is a reliable and cheap method whereby MCP can be improved at the population level; this is because such spectra are already routinely acquired from the milk of cows enrolled in milk recording schemes.     

Distributed parameter model simulation tool for PEM fuel cells

In this work, a simulation tool for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) has been developed, based on a distributed parameter model. The tool is designed to perform studies of time and space variations in the direction of the gas channels. Results for steady-state and dynamic simulations for a single cell of one channel are presented and analyzed. Considered variables are concentrations of reactants, pressures, temperatures, humidification, membrane water content, current density, among others that have significant effects on the performance and durability of PEMFC.     

不饱和氟化烯烃及其混合制冷剂应用研究的最近进展与成果

制冷剂的替代是当今国内外制冷空调界关注的热点问题.一年多来,国外在不饱和氟化烯烃(HFO)及其混合制冷剂的应用开发上获得了可喜成果.为使我国更多业内人士及时了解相关进展与成果,以笔记摘录的形式介绍了国外在HFO及其混合制冷剂的状态方程、特性参数、传输特性、系统性能等方面的研究成果以及一些产品研发成果.     

Experimental investigation on a MnCl2–CaCl2–NH3 thermal energy storage system

Thermal energy storage (TES) is regarded as one promising technology for renewable energy and waste heat recovery. Among TES technologies, sorption thermal energy storage (STES) has drawn burgeoning attention due to high energy storage density, long-term heat storage capability and flexible working modes. Originating from STES system, resorption thermal energy storage (RTES) system is established and investigated for recovering the heat in this paper. The system is mainly composed of three high temperature salt (HTS) unit beds; three low temperature salt (LTS) unit beds, valves and heat exchange pipes. Working pair of MnCl₂–CaCl₂–NH₃ is selected for the RTES system. 4.8 kg and 3.9 kg MnCl₂ and CaCl₂ composite adsorbents are filled in the adsorption bed. Results indicate that the highest thermal storage density is about 1836 kJ/kg when the heat charging and discharging temperature is 155 °C and 55 °C, respectively. Volume density of heat storage ranges from 144 to 304 kWh/m³. The highest ratio of latent heat to sensible heat is about 1.145 when the discharging temperature is 55 °C. The energy efficiency decreases from 97% to 73% when the discharging temperature increases from 55 to 75 °C.     

Numerical simulation and performance analysis of horizontal-tube falling-film evaporators in seawater desalination

A comprehensive distributed parameter model for simulating the steady-state performance of a practical horizontal-tube falling-film evaporator has been developed and validated. This model is capable of predicting the distributions of thermal parameters in the tube-side and shell-side, which provide important information of heat and mass exchange processes. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in tubes are analyzed in detail. The computational time is reduced significantly in comparison with the Computational Fluid Dynamics. Based on the numerical results, it is found that the steam is not evenly distributed in the horizontal tubes of each tube pass, which is favorable for parallel channels with uneven heat fluxes. The mass and heat flux of steam are mutually matched, indicating that the self-compensation characteristic appears among the tubes. In addition, the overall heat transfer coefficient reaches the maximum value of about 3300 W/m² K at the entrance region of each tube pass, and then decreases gradually along the flow direction. As liquid film falls downward from tube to tube, the liquid flow rate of seawater continually decreases from 0.063 kg/ms to 0.04 kg/ms with the corresponding salinity gradually increasing from 36 g/kg to 56 g/kg.