变压吸附法分离H_2－CO_2气体混合物

采用变压吸附法进行Ｈ２－ＣＯ２气体混合物的分离研究。通过对不同吸附剂的吸附性能比较试验，选取１３ｘ分子筛为本研究体系的吸附剂。在３塔变压吸附装置上进行了变压吸附过程试验；对不同的原料气组成，在不同的吸附压力、原料气量、再生压力、再生气量以及再生时间条件下，分别测定了变压吸附的动态吸附能参数；考察了这些参数对吸附分离过程的影响；得到了一些较为实用的工艺参数。用线性推动力模型对变压吸附的全过程进行了模拟，采用正交配置法对模型求数值解，较好地预测了实验结果。     

改性天然丝光沸石对氨的吸附性能

以缙云天然丝光沸石为载体,考察了载体预处理、不同活性组分、负载量等因素对氨、吡啶、二乙胺吸附容量的影响。结果表明,负载CuSO_4对氨的吸附容量明显提高,具有物理吸附和化学吸附双重功能,但吡啶、二乙胺略有下降。随着焙烧温度的提高,其对氨的吸附能力也提高,水份的存在对氨的吸附容量影响不大。     

Theoretical studies of CO adsorption and dissociation on Ru in presence of Cl or MoO x

Using the extended Hückel molecular orbital method we studied the adsorption and dissociation of CO over a Ru cluster with Cl or MoO preadsorbed onto it. Previous experimental information oriented us to think that the remaining Cl present in Ru/SiO₂ and RuMo/SiO₂ catalysts could influence their chemisorptive and catalytic properties. On this basis our theoretical model explains the observed activity and selectivity during the CO + H₂ reaction, that is, Cl decreases the adsorption of CO and hinders its dissociation. This could lead to the appearance of methanol as a synthesis product. On the other hand, our theoretical calculations indicate that the presence of MoO on top of the Ru cluster favors the adsorption of CO parallel to the cluster surface. They also predict an energy barrier for its dissociation which is interpreted in terms of the possible insertion of this CO molecule into a metal-methyl bond thereby forming the ethanol precursor.     

聚锑酸离子交换剂对锶的吸附行为研究

研究了聚锑酸离子交换剂吸附0.01 mol/L HNO_3溶液中锶的热力学特征,通过吸附动力学实验,初步探讨了温度对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,聚锑酸对0.01mol/L HNO_3溶液中锶的吸附符合Freundlich 经验公式,表现为吸热的化学吸附过程.根据毛细孔扩散模型,由平衡数据和动力学曲线计算了锶在聚锑酸离子交换剂颗粒内液相有效扩散系数为8.18×10~(-9)cm~2/s(20℃)和1.33×10~(-8)cm~2/s(30℃).     

含砷饮用水处理技术综述

分析归纳了各种含砷饮用水处理技术,重点阐述了混凝沉淀法在处理饮用水中砷的研究进展,对吸附法、离子交换法等五种其他饮用水除砷技术进行了分析,并比较了各种除砷技术的优缺点,指出其适用条件。     

陶瓷球吸附污水中低含量氨氮性能研究

针对污水中低含量的氨氮,考察在陶瓷生产过程中产生的陶瓷球的吸附性能.用静态吸附法测定氨离子在陶瓷球上的吸附等温线、了解动力学特性,并探讨pH、改性等方法对陶瓷球吸附氨氮的影响规律.结果表明,随着溶液中吸附质含量的上升,吸附剂的吸附容量明显上升,达到动态平衡的时间为7h;陶瓷球吸附氨氮的最佳pH在6～9,吸附方式有离子交换作用和物理吸附作用;使用NaCl溶液浸泡振荡的改性方法可明显提高陶瓷球对氨氮的吸附性能,成为一种有效且廉价的改性方法.证明陶瓷厂排出的废料陶瓷球可以应用于污水中低含量氨氮的吸附去除.     

活性炭吸附法处理对苯二甲酸废水研究

选择了4种不同类型、不同粒度的活性炭作为吸附剂,对苯二甲酸废水的吸附行为进行了研究。对苯二甲酸浓度采用紫外分光光度法测定。实验结果表明粒度为20-40目的A活性炭的吸附性能最好。活性炭吸附量随溶液pH值升高而降低,pH值为6时的吸附量约为DH为14时的4倍。搅拌可以缩短活性炭达到平衡吸附的时间,但对平衡吸附量影响很小。     

Preparation of comb‐type grafted hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide and chitosan and their use for DNA adsorption

Comb‐type grafted hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and chitosan (CT) were prepared and used for DNA adsorption. Instead of direct grafting of the acrylamide monomer onto the CT chain, semitelechelic PAAm with carboxylic acid end groups (PAAm–COOH) was synthesized by free‐radical polymerization with mercaptoacetic acid as the chain‐transfer agent, and it was grafted onto CT with amino groups. The synthesis of telechelic PAAm–COOH and the formation of comb‐type grafted hydrogels were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The prepared comb‐type grafted hydrogels were used as sorbents in DNA adsorption experiments conducted at +4°C in a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution of pH 7.4. DNA adsorption capacities as high as 2.0 × 10³ μg of DNA/g of dry gel could be achieved by the comb‐type hydrogels with higher PAAm contents. This value was approximately 6 times higher than that of CT alone. In addition, the comb‐type hydrogels showed a high adsorption/desorption rate depending on the PAAm content in the hydrogel. As a result, these comb‐type hydrogels carrying higher amounts of DNA may be considered good candidates for achieving higher removal rates for anti‐DNA antibodies and for effective gene therapy systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Synthesis of the cotton cellulose based Fe(III)-loaded adsorbent for arsenic(V) removal from drinking water

A novel macroporous bead adsorbent, Fe(III)-loaded ligand exchange cotton cellulose adsorbent [Fe(III)LECCA], is synthesized for selective adsorption of arsenate anions [As(V)] from drinking water in batch and column systems. As(V) adsorption on Fe(III)LECCA was independent of pH, especially in drinking water pH range. Film diffusive control mechanism will benefit As(V) exchange with Fe(III)LECCA whether in batch or in column experiments. When treating the tap water at 26.0 BV/h, the column still preserves 83% of the original saturation adsorption capacity of the As(V) aqueous solution. These results have indicated that Fe(III)LECCA has the potential to act as an adsorbent for the removal of As(V) from drinking water considering its availability, nontoxicity and cost-effectiveness.     

吸附式制冷系统吸附床内非平衡态热力学分析

从非平衡态热力学角度，对以氯化钙—氨为工质对的固体吸附式制冷系统吸附床内传热传质过程进行了分析，建立了吸附床内热质耦合模型，并通过对模型的数值模拟，探讨了解吸／吸附过程中各热力学流之间的作用关系及其对吸附床熵产率的影响。