Use of zeolite-rich rocks and waste materials for the production of structural lightweight concretes

This paper aims at testing the use of mixtures constituted by natural zeolitized products and SiC-bearing industrial wastes (sludge deriving from polishing of porcelain stoneware tiles, hereafter DPM) for the production of lightweight expanded aggregates as constituents of structural and/or thermo-insulating lightweight concretes. Two commercial products have been used as zeolite natural source: Cab70 (Yellow facies of Campanian Ignimbrite) and IZclino (Turkish clinoptilolite-rich epiclastite). Different amounts of a calcareous material (Pozzano limestones — hereafter CP) from the Sorrento peninsula (Naples — Italy) were also added to a Cab70–DPM mixture. All raw materials were characterized by means of mineralogical (XRPD) and chemical (XRF) analyses. All the products and mixtures were tested from a technological point of view by means of fusibility and firing tests in order to evaluate the expanding properties. It was evidenced that the expansion of the mixture was deeply depending on the occurrence of SiC in the industrial waste. The addition of CP (10 wt.%) to the mixtures accounts for an even increased expansion, though this is accompanied by a worsening of the mechanical features of the material.These results along with literature data allowed to select 3 mixtures (70% Cab70–30% DPM, 70% IZclino–30% DPM, 60% Cab70–30% DPM–10% CP) and each of them was used for the preparation of 5 l of lightweight aggregates afterward employed for the manufacture of lightweight concretes. It was remarked that natural zeolitized materials mixed with DPM (30 wt.%) can provide lightweight aggregates with densities ranging between 0.8 and 1.0 g/cm³ suitable for the preparation of structural lightweight concretes. The addition to the mixture of CP (10 wt.%) produces less dense aggregates (0.6–0.7 g/cm³) potentially useful for the manufacture of thermo insulating lightweight concretes.     

Formulation to obtain the most reliable aggregate mix with quantity and other constraints

The aggregate batch mixing problem determines the proportion (or relative masses) in which aggregate batches with different gradations are to be blended so as to achieve a target mix with a given gradation. As shown in previous studies, the gradation of a batch is not homogeneous and should be considered stochastic. Also, when batches are blended in the field there are random variations in the masses or proportions of individual batches in the mix. Assuming batch gradation and blend masses as stochastic implies that the notion of a mix (blend) satisfying the gradation of a target mix becomes stochastic. In such a framework, every mix has a reliability with which it satisfies the definition of the target mix. In addition, a mix is also required to satisfy various restrictions. This article presents an optimization formulation to determine the most reliable mix while satisfying restrictions on available quantity, budget, etc.     

Stochastic structural model of rock and soil aggregates by continuum-based discrete element method

Ancient slope[1], debris-flow deposit[2] and rock-filling dam[3] are usually made of rock and soil aggregates (RSA). The RSA is a typical inhomogeneous and discontinuous medium, and its main characteristics include: (i) loose piling up by blocks or particles, (ii) mixing of different blocks with a range of shapes and sizes, (iii) stochastic distribu- tion of blocks in space, (4) fillings often in between blocks. The mechanical properties of these rock and soil aggregates are commonly obtaine…     

新疆天然骨料粉煤灰混凝土抗渗性研究

新疆混凝土工程天然骨料料源丰富,水工混凝土骨料几乎全部采用天然骨料,针对这一特点,结合当地原材料情况,通过实验探讨了影响新疆天然骨料粉煤灰混凝土抗渗性的主要因素,提出了天然骨料粉煤灰混凝土提高抗渗性的最大水胶比和粉煤灰掺量上限值等指标。     

煤矸石基混凝土在井下巷道硬化工程中的应用试验

煤矸石是我国目前排放量较大的固体废弃物之一,利用煤矸石部分或全部代替混凝土粗骨料生产煤矸石基混凝土是其高效利用的途径。通过实验室开展不同煤矸石粗骨料替代率、水胶比、添加剂等条件下的煤矸石基混凝土的抗压强度试验,探究煤矸石基混凝土的基本力学性能,确定煤矸石基混凝土的最佳配合比。研究结果表明：煤矸石基混凝土抗压强度随着煤矸石粗骨料替代率的增大而减小;在胶凝材料中加入质量比为5%的硅灰、0.3%的减水剂有助于迅速提高煤矸石基混凝土的前期强度。在山西李村煤矿二采区胶带巷5^#辅运联巷开展了煤矸石基混凝土的井下硬化试验,验证了煤矸石基混凝土在井下硬化工程中的良好效果。     

微细钢纤维高强轻骨料混凝土静力试验研究

采用高强页岩陶粒、微细钢纤维和矿物掺和料制备微细钢纤维高强轻骨料混凝土(MSFHLAC)试件,研究了微细钢纤维体积分数、砂率和水灰比对MSFHLAC试件立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弯折强度、抗剪强度和弯曲韧性等静态力学性能的影响,同时给出了MSFHLAC试件的各强度模型以及相互关系.结果表明:新拌混凝土的工作性能随着微细钢纤维体积分数的增加而降低,当微细钢纤维体积分数大于1.5%时,对新拌混凝土的流动性影响明显;微细钢纤维可以显著改善高强轻骨料混凝土(HLAC)的各项强度和韧性指标,且在低纤维体积分数(0.5%和1.0%)时,材料的抗拉强度和抗剪切强度增长尤为显著;MSFHLAC试件在整个弯曲变形阶段弹塑性较好,较接近理想弹塑性材料;砂率和水灰比对MSFHLAC试件的各项强度和韧性虽有一定影响,但变化幅度基本在10%以内.     

MTA用于修复不同厚度根分叉穿孔封闭性的体外实验

目的：在研究离体情况下使用染色萃取法研究MTA修复不同厚度根分叉穿孔的封闭效果。方法：将60颗人恒磨牙随机分为3组,每组20颗。每组分别预备其髓底使根分叉剩余厚度分别为3mm,2mm,1mm。3个实验组均人工制备根分叉穿孔,每组中15颗牙使用MTA修复底穿孔,5颗作为阳性对照。另5颗牙未制备根分叉穿孔作为阴性对照。使用HIDEX酶标仪在550nm检测96孔板的吸光度评价其渗漏性。结果：3组间染料吸光度均有统计学差异（p〈0．01）．有较厚根分叉的渗漏低于较薄根分叉。根分叉最薄的～组（1mm）渗漏最明显。结论：剩余牙本质壁厚度对MTA修复根分叉穿孔的封闭性有影响。在直接使用MTA修复较薄根分叉穿孔（〈1mm）时,应充分考虑其预后效果。     

考虑侵蚀效应的卵形弹丸侵彻混凝土介质模型研究

建立同时考虑弹丸质量损失和头部钝化的迭代计算模型,在弹体和靶体参数已知的条件下可以预测侵彻深度、质量损失、头部形状变化以及过载等侵彻相关物理量。通过对侵彻实验数据的验证分析,提出了一种考虑混凝土骨料硬度与弹体材料硬度比值的侵蚀修正系数,修正后的模型对侵蚀的计算精度增加明显。在修正后的模型基础上,对常用的Forrestal经验阻力公式中的静态阻力项进行修正,新的静态阻力项更加精确地反映了有侵蚀效应的弹丸侵彻混凝土的静态阻力。实验和模型对比发现:骨料硬度和弹体硬度的比值与弹丸质量损失率呈线性关系。     

基于信捷PLC对细石混凝土泵电气系统的设计

为了推进细石混凝土泵的国产化,在保证产品性能的前提下,降低其电气系统的生产成本,采用以国产信捷PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)为主的控制元件对细石混凝土泵电气系统进行了设计。在保证细石混凝土泵使用稳定性的同时,降低了其电气系统的制造成本,提高了适用性。所设计电气系统经菏泽永安机械制造有限公司检验使用,实际应用情况良好。     

两个无证书聚合签名方案的安全性分析

张玉磊等人(2015)提出了两种无证书聚合签名方案,并证明其方案在随机预言机模型下是可证明安全的。该文分析张玉磊等人提出的两种方案的安全性,指出了第1种方案可以抵抗两类攻击者的攻击;第2种方案不能抵抗第1类攻击者和第2类攻击者的攻击,给出详细的攻击过程,证明攻击者伪造出的签名可以通过验证,分析了第2种方案存在伪造攻击的原因,提出了改进的方案。