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71.
A comparison of personality traits and other characteristics of leaders and non-leaders in two southern colleges for women, Agnes Scott for white and Spelman for Negro students, is made. The materials used are the Good-enough Speed-of-Association Test, the Bernreuter Personality Inventory, and other collateral information. Small, but statistically significant, differences exist between leaders and non-leaders within a college. These differences are "definitely and reliably greater than are the differences between the two races." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
72.
Empirical evidence suggests that computer self-efficacy plays an important role in one’s acceptance and use of new information technology. Little is however known about the antecedents of computer self-efficacy. This paper reports on a study of 143 non-users of a self-checkout library system available at a large Canadian university which was conducted to investigate the relationships between stable personality traits and gender with computer self-efficacy. Results indicate that four of the five stable personality traits, as measured by the Big-5 factors of personality, contribute to explain computer self-efficacy. Taking gender into account, results show that the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness are significantly related to computer self-efficacy for women but not for men. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Useda J. David; Duberstein Paul R.; Conner Kenneth R.; Beckman Anthony; Franus Nathan; Tu Xin; Conwell Yeates 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,75(1):126
The authors tested hypotheses concerning personality differences in treatment-seeking suicide attempters (AT; n = 60) and a community sample of suicides (SU; n = 43) over age 50. On the basis of prior research, the authors hypothesized that SU would be lower in Neuroticism and Openness and higher in Conscientiousness. A 2-group (AT vs. SU) multivariate analysis of covariance with NEO Personality Inventory--Revised (Informant Version) domain scores as dependent variables revealed that SU were lower in Neuroticism and higher in Conscientiousness. The authors conclude that AT and SU in this age group can be distinguished on the basis of informant ratings of personality traits. These differences can inform risk detection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
74.
A reciprocal impact hypothesis posits an influence of gender-related traits (agency and communion) on role enactment and a reciprocal impact of role enactment on gender-related traits, for both men and women. Specifically, in this study it was predicted that agency influences career success and career success influences agency. In addition, the reciprocal influence of communion and family roles was examined. A prospective study with almost 2,000 university graduates, who were tested after graduation and 1.5 years later, clearly supported the reciprocal impact hypothesis for agency and career success. Communion influenced family roles, but there was no reciprocal influence. Implications for theories of career success and of sex and gender are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
75.
76.
Adaptive evolution of dispersal strategies is one mechanism by which species can respond to rapid environmental changes. However, under rapid anthropogenic fragmentation, the evolution of dispersal may be limited, and species may be unable to adequately adapt to fragmented landscapes. Here, we develop a spatially explicit model to investigate the evolution of dispersal kernels under various combinations of fragmentation dynamics and initial conditions. We also study the consequences of modelling an evolutionary process in which dispersal phenotypes continuously and gradually shift in phenotype space in a manner corresponding to a polygenic underlying genetic architecture. With rapid fragmentation rates, we observed the emergence of long-term transient states in which dispersal strategies are not well suited to fragmented landscapes. We also show that the extent and length of these transient states depend on the pre-fragmentation dispersal strategy of the species, as well as on the rate of the fragmentation process leading to the fragmented landscape. In an increasingly fragmented world, understanding the ability of populations to adapt, and the effects that rapid fragmentation has on the evolution of dispersal, is critical for an informed assessment of species viability in the Anthropocene. 相似文献
77.
Alcoholic cocktails are consumed in very different situations and then consumers may differ in their favorite context to drink a cocktail. Diversity in the preferred context of cocktail consumption may reflect individual differences in taste responsiveness and personality traits as well as cocktail liking. This study aims at: 1) extending the efficacy of a coupled semiotic and statistical methodology for text analysis in uncovering aspects of preferred contexts of cocktail consumption; 2) testing if specific preferred contexts of cocktail consumption are related to individual differences; 3) investigating the relationships between preferred context to have cocktails and patterns of liking for cocktails. 159 cocktails consumers were characterized by personality traits, cocktail involvement, alcoholic beverages intake and PROP taster status and were asked to describe their preferred context to consume an alcoholic cocktail. Consumers were then asked to taste in blind conditions and rate their liking of six alcoholic aperitif cocktails. Three thematic clusters were identified (relax, sociability, aperitif). The relax lovers preferred a comforting context to have a cocktail; these consumers expressed a lower liking for the six evaluated samples than aperitif lovers but resulted more involved with cocktails as compared to the cluster sociability. This latter group of consumers focused on social aspects and novelty; they reported a higher intake of spirits than the cluster aperitif and showed higher scores in sensation seeking and disinhibition than the other clusters. The cluster aperitif described their favorite context as a “before dinner” situation; they were more involved with cocktails than the sociability cluster. Finally, the three clusters did not differ in PROP taster status distribution. The approach has proven to be useful to collect information and to segment consumers on the preferred aspects of cocktail experience. The study showed that consumer clusters with different preferred context for cocktail consumption differ in liking for the cocktails, personality traits, attitudes and alcohol intake. 相似文献
78.
This study focuses on an emerging media multitasking phenomenon called second screening or dual screening. Employing two-wave panel-data from 19 countries, we test whether the Big Five personality traits help explain the use of an additional screen or device while watching political content on TV to discuss the program with others or to look up for additional information. Results show that extraversion positively predicts political second screening. In contrast, agreeableness and openness to new experience are negatively related to political second screening. Moreover, multilevel analysis is performed to test whether the between-country variation is related to economic, political and cultural indicators. 相似文献
79.
《Food and Energy Security》2018,7(2)
Identification of a rice cultivar with high yield potential has been heavily sought by researchers in China, and pursuant to this goal, several indica‐japonica hybrid rice (IJHR) cultivars have been studied for over a decade. However, in addition to high yield, it is important that the cultivar also exhibit good water use efficiency (WUE). This study compared the yield performance and WUE of the IJHR cultivars under alternate wetting and severe drying (AWSD) irrigation regimen to the japonica inbred rice (JIR) cultivars. Field experiments were conducted on two representative IJHR cultivars (Chunyou927 and Yongyou538) and two representative JIR cultivars (Xiushui09 and Zhejing99) in 2015 and 2016 with two different irrigation methods: continuous flooding (CF) and AWSD. Irrigation water was 275–349 mm in the AWSD irrigation regimen, which was 49.8%–56.2% of that (552–620 mm) applied to the CF irrigation regimen. Compared to CF, the AWSD irrigation method significantly decreased grain yield in both IJHR and JIR cultivars, with a more significant reduction in JIR cultivars, and WUE was improved in both the IJHR and JIR cultivars, especially in the IJHR cultivars. Compared to the JIR cultivars, the IJHR cultivars were found to have improved agronomic and physiological performances under the AWSD irrigation regimen, such as a larger sink size, higher percentage of productive tillers, higher matter production ability during reproductive and ripening periods, larger root biomass, deeper root distribution and greater nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in the stem at heading, larger NSC remobilization from the stem, and higher root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rates during ripening period. Improved agronomic and physiological traits contributed to an increase in WUE with less yield loss for IJHR cultivars under the AWSD irrigation regimen. 相似文献
80.
《Food and Energy Security》2018,7(1)
Differences in performance among the areas of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland can provide some insight into the resilience of UK milk supplies from forage‐based dairy herds. This study used a Markov Chain approach to model the average herd in each region between the years 2010 and 2015. The effect of a single unit change in milk production (milk volume, fat yield, and protein yield), fitness (survival, somatic cell count, mastitis, and calving interval) and efficiency (methane) traits on the economic value and GHG emissions intensity (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents per cow and per kg milk solids) were assessed. Production data were obtained from a total of about half a million milk recorded dairy cows in the UK and the Farm Business Surveys for each region. Across the UK improving the health, somatic cell counts (SCC and mastitis), fertility (calving intervals) and survival of cows will increase profitability and reduce emissions intensity of milk production. In Scotland, herds had higher milk yields but poorer survival, which potentially could be due to poor fertility indicated by a longer calving interval compared to other regions. Herds in Northern Ireland had the shortest average calving interval but the highest SCC, and thus greater estimated mastitis incidence and wasted milk. Notably, England had considerably higher economic values (between 10% and 30%) and emission intensity values (between 11% and 37%) for SCC and mastitis incidence than other regions, due to lost milk production and the higher gross margin. This study provides a framework that can be customized for individual herds to allow assessment of resilience and resource efficiency of milk production not only in the UK but for comparison with international dairy systems. 相似文献