European urban culture,Javier de Mesones-Cabello’s planning practice and its legacy in city of Valladolid

Javier de Mesones-Cabello was an influential and active planner of the 1960s and 1970s in Spain, who passed away in December, 2016. His professional career as a self-taught urban planner was extensively linked to his academic and institutional activities. These connections supported the establishment of relationships with prestigious professionals working in urban planning practice. In planning the 1969 masterplan for the city of Valladolid, in Spain, de Mesones-Cabello made several intellectual references to the Greek urban planner Doxiadis. This masterplan covers a relatively unknown example of directional city growth in a European context. My findings elucidate the extent to which de Mesones-Cabello was influenced by Doxiadis, and the circumstances in which these ideas have continued to dominate thinking about Valladolid's urban development.     

Removal Efficacy of Opportunistic Pathogens and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Two Drinking Water Treatment Trains

Drinking water treatment processes (DWTPs) impact pathogen colonization and microbial communities in finished water; however, their efficacies against opportunistic pathogens are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of treatment steps on the removal of Legionella spp., Legionella pneumophila, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Mycobacterium avium, and two amoeba hosts (Vermamoeba vermiformis, Acanthamoeba) are evaluated in two parallel trains of DWTPs equipped with different pretreatment units. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrates significantly reduced numbers of total bacteria, Legionella, and mycobacteria during ozonation, followed by a rebound in granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, whereas sand filtration exerts an overarching effect in removing microorganisms in both treatment trains. V. vermiformis is more prevalent in biofilm (34%) than water samples (7.7%), while Acanthamoeba is not found in the two trains of DWTPs. Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes reveals significant community shifts at different treatment steps, as well as distinct bacterial community structures in water and biofilm samples in parallel units (e.g., ozonation, GAC, sand filtration) between the two trains (analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), p < 0.05), implying the potential influence of different pretreatment steps in shaping the downstream microbiome. Overall, the results provide insights to mitigation of opportunistic pathogens and engineer approaches for managing bacterial communities in DWTPs.     

基于高通量测序技术研究不同品种桃果实的微生物多样性

目的 探究贵州不同品种桃果实附着的微生物菌群组成情况。方法 以镇远红桃、镇远艳红桃和玉屏黄桃为试材,利用高通量测序技术分析贵州不同品种桃果实微生物的多样性。结果 红桃的主要优势细菌属为泛菌属、鞘氨醇单孢菌属和假单胞菌属,优势真菌属为枝孢菌属、交链孢属和曲霉属;艳红桃的优势细菌属为拟杆菌属、布老特氏菌属和甲基杆菌属,优势真菌属为链核盘菌属、枝孢菌属和交链孢属;黄桃的优势细菌属为甲基杆菌属、鞘氨醇单孢菌属和棒状杆菌属,优势真菌属为枝孢菌属、链核盘菌属和交链孢属。此外,α多样性分析表明艳红桃的真菌多样性最高,而黄桃的真菌多样性次之;β多样性分析表明构成不同品种桃群落组成有明显差异,而黄桃与红桃的群落组成相似程度更高。结论 研究初步明确了贵州不同品种桃果实的微生物多样性,为不同品种桃果实的绿色生产和贮藏保鲜提供理论基础。     

一种融合话题和行为的在线问答社区领域专家发现方法

根据在线问答社区中答案的产生过程,提出一种“问题-回答者-话题”(Question-Answerer-Topic, QAT)模型,对“问题-回答者对”(question-answerer pair)的领域话题分布进行建模,并结合社区中的点赞行为,融入用户在每个问题下答案的获赞数据,计算用户在领域话题分布下的专业水平,最后结合链接分析的方法,提出一种主题敏感的PageRank改进模型,最终得到每位用户在领域话题下的专家得分。基于中文在线问答社区知乎网的人工智能领域真实数据集进行实验和对比分析,实验结果表明,本文提出的领域专家发现方法明显优于其他现有方法。     

Detecting topic-based communities in social networks: A study in a real software development network

In social network analysis, a key issue is the detection of meaningful communities. This problem consists of finding groups of people who are both connected and semantically aligned. In the software development context, identifying communities considering both collaborations between developers and their skills can help to address critical elements or issues in a project. However, a large amount of data and the lack of data structure make it difficult to analyze these networks’ content. In this paper, we propose a framework for detecting overlapping semantic communities and their influential members. We also propose an ontology to extract topics of interest through tag enrichment in a Q&A forum. An evaluation was conducted in a large network of software developers built with Stack Overflow’s data, showing that the proposed framework and ontology can find real communities of developers. The evaluation indicates that their members are semantic aligned and still active in the detected topics of interest, and the quantitative analysis showed that the detected communities have high internal connectivity.     

三峡移民社区存在的问题及对策研究

通过分析三峡移民社区普遍存在的问题和原因,从移民身心健康、和谐社区构建、移民自身素质提高、发展致富等几个途径入手,提出解决对策,以促进移民社区的建设和发展.     

近10年我国高校学生体育社团研究状况分析

总结近10年高校学生体育社团研究状况,对高校学生体育社团的基本情况,发展中存在的问题以及影响因素进行具体研究分析,提出高校学生体育社团发展对策,进一步加强学校的重视与支持,加强社团自身的建设与管理,建立社团长效运行机制,推动我国高校学生体育社团的健康发展。     

Housing performance evaluation: challenges for international knowledge exchange

ABSTRACT

Developing effective building performance evaluation and feedback processes is a vital part of global efforts to reduce building energy use and gain insight into the actual performance of buildings and technologies. Although attempts have been made to introduce internationally agreed models for these processes, it is clear that various countries are producing different approaches according to their cultural, institutional and policy differences. Knowledge exchange is potentially a key means of developing a shared understanding of values, meanings and practices in relation to building performance evaluation. This paper identifies cultural and institutional barriers in the European Union for international building performance communities of practice utilizing knowledge exchange, from an experiential ‘real-world’ perspective. The preparation of a 30-month research project to help develop building performance evaluation in Poland and an associated bilateral symposium is closely evaluated through an action research case study in terms of the stakeholders, the national contexts in which they operated and the key challenges they faced. Recommendations are then made in terms of the support needed to develop more responsive research programmes in relation to developing international knowledge exchange, and the capacity-building elements required for these international communities of practice.     

How do habitat variability and management regime shape the spatial heterogeneity of birds within a large Mediterranean urban park?

Large urban parks can support a diverse bird community. However, the effects of variability among habitats and of park management on bird assemblages are poorly understood. We studied bird communities within the Yarkon Park, Tel Aviv, the largest urban park in Israel. We examined species richness, abundance and community composition across 20 locations that differ in levels of park management to identify habitat variables responsible for variation in bird richness and composition. Of 91 recorded bird species, 13 were aliens (14%), 4 were urban exploiters (4%), 54 were urban adapters (60%) and 20 were migrants (22%). Management had a significant effect on native bird richness and bird community structure varied among areas with different management regimes. Species richness of all the above species’ groups was lowest in intensively managed areas. Areas with intermediate levels of management had higher or equal richness compared to unmanaged areas. The majority of urban exploiters were found at all locations within the park reaching their highest abundances in intensively managed areas. Species richness of alien birds did not vary across levels of management. Bird species richness was negatively associated with lawn cover and with distance from nearest water source and was positively associated with the number of woody plant species. We suggest that urban parks should be designed such that the heterogeneity of native vegetation is preserved, if we aim to maintain native bird species diversity and minimize urban exploiter and alien species. When lightly managed or unmanaged, urban parks can retain large remnants of sub-natural habitats and can serve as important contributors to the conservation of native biodiversity within a large urban metropolis.     

居住区公共服务设施配建指标体系研究

在社会主义市场经济的发展过程中 ,城市社区空间分层日益明显 ,由于经济收入的差异、文化价值取向的差异、年龄结构的差异等导致了需求分化。在计划经济条件下形成的居住区公建配套指标体系已很不适应城市发展的现状要求 ,因而需要调整居住区公共服务设施配建指标体系的思路 ,使之适应市场的发展条件 ,兼顾效率和公平 ;根据服务对象 ,“量体裁衣”区别对待 ;并处理好区域统筹和社区内平衡的关系。