O3-BAC工艺预臭氧投加量优化的中试研究

通过设计规模为5～15 m3.h-1的中试装置对O3-BAC工艺给水处理时预臭氧投加量进行了优化研究。结果表明,预臭氧投加量为0.5 mg.L-1时,沉淀池出水浊度为0.68 NTU,助凝效果最强,对比零投加量时,浊度去除绝对值为0.34 NTU;藻类灭活率为77.77%,细菌的灭菌率为84.1%,总大肠杆菌群的灭菌率为98.9%,灭藻灭菌综合效果最好。同时预臭氧对UV254、CODMn具有一定的去除效果,去除率随臭氧投加量增加而略有上升趋势。综合分析,针对Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水源,建议O3-BAC工艺给水处理预臭氧量最佳投加量为0.5 mg.L-1。     

Spatial and numerical predictors of measurement performance: The moderating effects of community income and gender.

Spatial reasoning and numerical predictors of measurement performance were investigated in 4th graders from low-income and affluent communities. Predictors of 2 subtypes of measurement performance (spatial–conceptual and formula based) were assessed while controlling for verbal and spatial working memory. Consistent with prior findings, students from the affluent community outperformed students from the low-income community on all measures examined. More importantly, the study revealed different patterns of relations between cognitive skills and academic performance in the 2 communities. Specifically, spatial skills were related to measurement performance in the affluent but not in the low-income community. These findings demonstrate that socioeconomic context impacts not only children's levels of performance but also their capacity to apply basic cognitive skills, like spatial reasoning, to their academic performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Surface Mechanical Properties of the Spore Adhesive of the Green Alga Ulva

The mechanical properties of the adhesive produced by spores of the green, marine, fouling alga Ulva linza are reported. Atomic force microscopy studies were performed and nanoindentation data were analyzed using a model for an asymmetric indenter. Freshly secreted adhesive is characterized by multiple layers. We found that the modulus of the outer ～600-nm thick layer was about 0.2 ± 0.1 MPa, whereas the modulus of the inner layer was about 3 ± 1 MPa. Older adhesive showed the formation of a “crust” of harder material with a yield strength of ～20 MPa at a loading rate of 2.5 × 10^?6 N · s^?1. Mechanical properties under tension are also described, and extension profiles that showed either constant or nonlinear force changes with tip-sample separation were observed. Models for both kinds of behavior are described. The work of adhesion between poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated AFM tips and the adhesive was determined to be less than 1.5 mJ · m^?2.     

“三区联动”的主要模式及其多维视角解析

"三区联动"是打破园区、校区、城区之间的界限,合理配置区域内各种资源,有效提升区域创新能力、促进经济社会发展的重要途径.重点研究了园区主导、校区主导、城区主导三种不同的联动模式,并从经济学、社会学角度对"三区联动"进行深度解析.     

Fuel wood consumption pattern of tribal communities in cold desert of the Lahaul valley, North-Western Himalaya, India

Fuel wood is the primary source of energy in rural areas of the Himalaya. Lack of resources, extremely low temperature and xeric climatic conditions of the study region (Khoksar – 3200 m, Jahlma – 3000 m, Hinsa – 2700 m and Kuthar – 2600 m) of cold desert of the Lahaul valley has led to serious deforestation due to excessive use of fuel wood in the past. On the basis of family sizes, fuel wood consumption was recorded less in large family as compared to small family. The fuel wood is used for various activities such as cooking, water heating, room heating, lighting and livestock rearing, etc. Fuel wood consumption was highest in high altitude villages as compared to low altitude villages irrespective of family size. Fuel wood consumption of 4.32 ± 0.99 kg/capita/day was highest at Khoksar for small family during winter season followed by the autumn (2.25 ± 0.15 kg/capita/day) and summer (1.38 ± 0.13 kg/capita/day). The labour energy expenditure for fuel wood collection was also highest for Khoksar (91.91 MJ/capita/year), followed by Hinsa (61.29 MJ/capita/year), Kuthar (52.01 MJ/capita/year) and Jahlma (51.89 MJ/capita/year), respectively. It was found that fuel wood consumption in the study region was influenced by the local cold climate and season of the year. The present information on fuel wood consumption pattern at different altitudes would be helpful in designing appropriate technologies to develop energy plantations in the region.     

PH-MaxFlow算法发现Web社区

HITS是一种经典的利用链接技术计算网页权威值和中心值的算法,它能够快速发现主题相关网页,其缺点是会发生“主题偏移”现象,首先提出PHITS算法,在一定程度上抑制了这种现象的发生。运用该方法提取权威值高的页面,作为PH-MaxFlow算法的种子节点,使得发现的Web社区更精确。同时提出了一种有效的评价Web社区的标准,用这个标准对原始最大流算法和提出的PH-MaxFlow算法进行比较,从而得出PH-MaxFlow算法发现的Web社区与主题更相关。     

Response of Poplar and Associated Fungal Endophytic Communities to a PAH Contamination Gradient

Microbial populations associated to poplar are well described in non-contaminated and metal-contaminated environments but more poorly in the context of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination. This study aimed to understand how a gradient of phenanthrene (PHE) contamination affects poplar growth and the fungal microbiome in both soil and plant endosphere (roots, stems and leaves). Plant growth and fitness parameters indicated that the growth of Populus canadensis was impaired when PHE concentration increased above 400 mg kg⁻¹. Values of alpha-diversity indicators of fungal diversity and richness were not affected by the PHE gradient. The PHE contamination had a stronger impact on the fungal community composition in the soil and root compartments compared to that of the aboveground organs. Most of the indicator species whose relative abundance was correlated with PHE contamination decreased along the gradient indicating a toxic effect of PHE on these fungal OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units). However, the relative abundance of some OTUs such as Cadophora, Alternaria and Aspergillus, potentially linked to PHE degradation or being plant-beneficial taxa, increased along the gradient. Finally, this study allowed a deeper understanding of the dual response of plant and fungal communities in the case of a soil PAH contamination gradient leading to new perspectives on fungal assisted phytoremediation.     

发酵型海藻酒的研制

研制了发酵型海藻酒的工艺及关键参数,制成风味独特的、具有营养保健功能的海藻酒.     

基于模块度增量的二分网络社区挖掘算法

针对二分网络的社区挖掘问题,提出了一种基于模块度增量的二分网络社区挖掘算法。该算法假设每个顶点独自构成一个社区,并具有自己的标号。其中,一部分顶点将自己的标号复制并传递到另一部分中的某个顶点上,使之与其位于同一个社区;另一部分的顶点实施同样的操作。如此反复迭代,直至收敛。标号传播时,选择模块度增量最大的边进行传送,使整体模块度不断提高。在真实数据集上进行的测试表明,所提算法能对二分网络进行高质量的社区划分。