浅谈藻类物质对制水的影响及防治措施

介绍了藻类物质产生的原因和危害以及对制水过程的影响， 着重从水厂现行状况出发，提出了几种简单易行的优化及强化常规工艺的化学方法和措施。     

Study on Immobilized Algal Cells for Treatment and Recycle of Refinery Wastewater

Compared to the algal oxidation pond,treatment of wastewater using the immobilized algal celltechnology has excellent effect,which not only can effectively avoid the disadvantage of oxidation pond,but can also remarkably improve the efficiency of treating system and the effluent quality.When thetreating system operates under an optimal control conditions,such as a 55% loading rate,an illuminationintensity of 2500—3500 lux and a hydraulic residence time of 4 hours,the COD and ammonia nitrogenremoval can reach 90%.Water after deep treatment can comply with the requirement of the refinery for thequality of recycled water.     

丝状藻响应温度变化的生长及功能特性

针对近年来丝状蓝藻水华的频繁暴发问题,研究了3种常见丝状藻生长对温度的响应以及生长与功能特性间的关系。结果表明：温度由15℃增加至30℃,拟柱孢藻比生长速率由0.28 d^-1增加为0.70 d^-1,光合活性（F_v/F_m）在0.40~0.61范围内波动,单位藻细胞溶解性总氮（DTN）和溶解性反应磷（SRP）消耗量也分别增加了6.36 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a、0.15 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a;伪鱼腥藻比生长速率从0.12 d^-1到0.60 d^-1,F_v/F_m在15℃时达到最低,为0.12,单位藻细胞氮磷消耗量也分别增加了21.72 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a、1.71 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a;水华束丝藻比生长速率从0.20 d^-1到0.44 d^-1,F_v/F_m受影响较小,单位藻细胞氮磷消耗量也分别增加了12.29 mg-DTN/mg-Chl.a、0.83 mg-SRP/mg-Chl.a。温度升高都会促进3种丝状藻生长,拟柱孢藻易在大于30℃高温下形成优势;伪鱼腥藻温度适应范围广,但温度低于15℃会抑制伪鱼腥藻生长;水华束丝藻最佳生长温度为25℃,并可在15℃时取得优势,耐低温能力较强。另外,丝状藻可通过权衡藻细胞生理特性以维持不同温度下的生长优势。     

浅析潍坊市中心市区城市供水水源地水质情况

针对潍坊市两处主要水源地水质情况进行了连续3年19项指标的监测分析研究,并对其中的感官性状和一般化学指标、有机综合指标、毒理指标、生物指标等关键指标进行了重点分析,根据年均值、最大值、最小值的变化情况,对潍坊市水源水质污染的发展趋势做出了合理总结和评估.结果表明,一些重要的毒理指标正呈现逐渐下滑的趋势,波动幅度也逐渐减小;但从藻类指标来看,两处水源均为高藻水源且近年来显示为不同程度的上升.该结果可应用于潍坊市中心城区饮用水水源水质的风险预控,有助于潍坊市中心城区水源水质的风险管理.     

潍坊市峡山水库、白浪河水库藻类种群变迁特征研究

针对潍坊市峡山水库、白浪河水库中的藻类进行了监测.结果表明,这两个水源地的藻含量随季节变化特征比较明显.在水温较低的春季和冬季,藻类数量较少,峡山水库藻类种类以裸藻、绿藻、硅藻占优势,白浪河水库藻类种类以金藻、绿藻、硅藻占优势;在水温高的夏季和秋初,藻类大量繁殖,蓝藻成为两个水库的优势种群,白浪河水库水质状况相对较好,峡山水库出现水华.     

Impact of calcium and TOC on biological acidification assessment in Norwegian rivers

Acidification continues to be a major impact in freshwaters of northern Europe, and the biotic response to chemical recovery from acidification is often not a straightforward process. The focus on biological recovery is relevant within the context of the EU Water Framework Directive, where a biological monitoring system is needed that detects differences in fauna and flora compared to undisturbed reference conditions. In order to verify true reference sites for biological analyses, expected river pH is modeled based on Ca and TOC, and 94% of variability in pH at reference sites is explained by Ca alone, while 98% is explained by a combination of Ca and TOC. Based on 59 samples from 28 reference sites, compared to 547 samples from 285 non-reference sites, the impact of calcium and total organic carbon (TOC) on benthic algae species composition, expressed as acidification index periphyton (AIP), is analyzed. Rivers with a high Ca concentration have a naturally higher AIP, and TOC affects reference AIP only at low Ca concentrations. Four biological river types are needed for assessment of river acidification in Norway based on benthic algae: very calcium-poor, humic rivers (Ca < 1 mg/l and TOC > 2 mg/l); very calcium-poor, clear rivers (Ca < 1 mg/l and TOC < 2 mg/l); calcium-poor rivers (Ca between 1 and 4 mg/l); moderately calcium rich rivers (Ca > 4 mg/l). A biological assessment system for river acidification in Norway based on benthic algae is presented, following the demands of the Water Framework Directive.     

ClO_2预氧化与PDM复合药剂联用除藻技术研究

开展了ClO2预氧化与PDM复合药剂联用提高常规处理工艺除藻效果的试验研究。结果表明,对于藻类数为1.3×108个/L、浊度为10.32～15.50 NTU、温度为27～30℃的黄河下游引黄水库水,当ClO2投量为1.0 mg/L、PDM复合药剂投量为60 mg/L时,滤后水浊度能降至0.2NTU以下,对CODMn的去除率达到46.6%,对藻类的去除率高达99%以上。ClO2预氧化与PDM复合药剂联用技术是强化常规工艺处理高藻水库水的有效措施。     

再生水回用人工景观水体优势藻和水华指示指标的研究

以城市污水处理厂二级出水作为人工景观水体用水,考查了北京5～9月期间藻类的生长情况。研究结果表明,以二级出水作为景观用水的人工水池中,夏季暴发水华的优势藻种类以绿藻为主,主要有小球藻、十字藻、栅藻等,另外还有短时期的裸藻出现,蓝藻一直没有成为优势种属。试验水体的氮磷比为5～15,处于地表水的氮磷比为3～45,可见氮磷比并不是决定水华优势藻的主要因素。对各项指标的监测及分析表明,碳元素的水平才是影响水中优势藻种的关键。试验结果得出水体透明度与藻类生长有明显的相关性,在本试验中当透明度低于0.4m可称已发生水华,可作为水华发生的指示指标。     

富营养化湖库水源地原位控藻技术研究进展

综述近年来出现的值得关注的湖库水源地原位控藻技术,包括生态浮岛技术、改性黏土及植物浸出液控藻技术、鱼控藻技术、遮光控藻技术、扬水筒技术以及以物理生态工程为代表的联合技术等,认为将各项技术进行联合以达到水质修复和减灾防灾的双重目的将是重要的发展方向。     

The good,the bad,and the algae: Perceiving ecosystem services and disservices generated by zebra and quagga mussels

Dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels are widely recognized as having strong, adverse ecological and economic impacts, e.g., biofouling and loss of water column primary production. We assessed perceptions and values associated with two less often considered ecological outcomes of dreissenid mussel influences on coastal ecosystems along Lake Ontario and the western St. Lawrence River in New York State. One, the generation of water clarity through filtration, we define as an ecosystem service; the other, the production of large amounts of nuisance algae (e.g., Cladophora and Microcystis) is defined as an ecosystem disservice. Surveys of business owners and homeowners quantified their preferences and the formation of values regarding these products of zebra mussel influence. Water clarity increased greatly, particularly in the eastern portion of Lake Ontario, and algal problems increased throughout. Businesses attributed increases and decreases in revenues associated with water clarity and algae; homeowners reported analogous changes in property values. Water clarity was positively associated, and algae negatively associated, with changes in revenues and property values. Threshold responses of costs as functions of filamentous algae were evident. Given the likely continued influx of invasive species due to human activities, further development of the ecosystem service concept should consider potential “goods” and “bads” of invasives and their influence on ecosystem and social system resiliency.