Relationships between environmental factors,periphyton biomass and nutrient content in Garças Reservoir,a hypereutrophic tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil

This study focused on evaluating the factors related to seasonal variations of periphyton biomass and nutrient content (N, P) in Garças Reservoir, a tropical, shallow hypereutrophic tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil that exhibits a permanent cyanobacteria bloom. Artificial substrata were placed in the subsurface water (20 cm) of the lake on a monthly basis (incubation time of 28 days) over a 1‐year period. Two limnological periods were characterized, including: (i) a period of decreased water clarity, higher levels of soluble reactive phosphorus and higher phytoplankton biomass; and (ii) a period of relatively higher water clarity (as measured by Secchi depth), higher nitrate concentration and lower phytoplankton biomass. The periphyton chlorophyll‐a levels were lower during the first period, being negatively correlated with phytoplankton biomass. The results of this study suggest that during the period of decreased water clarity, periphyton was primarily light‐limited. In contrast, the periphyton biomass was higher during the second period, regardless of P limitation of periphyton growth. Rehabilitation of this highly degraded tropical reservoir must consider the light regime, which is controlled by phytoplankton abundance. Thus, a reduction in the P loading to the lake should be considered to suppress its cyanobacterial blooms, thereby improving conditions for submerged macrophytes and the re‐establishment of periphyton.     

藻鲕变形及定向性的研究

多数人在研究碳酸盐沉积物(岩)的压实作用时往往注重重荷压实作用,对于侧向挤压的压实作用,则注意不够。本文通过对广西田林县浪平甘硐子中上泥盆统藻鲕颗粒灰岩中藻鲕变形及定向性的研究,确认藻鲕的变形及定向并非重荷压实作用的结果,而是三叠纪中期以前的印支—燕山运动的产物。控制藻鲕变形及定向的因素是构造压实作用、早期胶结作用、颗粒成分、重荷压实作用及溶蚀—充填作用等,其中构造压实作用、早期胶结作用及颗粒成分是主要的因素。     

分布式网络中的一种高效top-k求解方法研究

提出了一种新的算法,来解决在分布式的环境中top-k求解问题（求出全局数值最大的前k名）。之前的研究,例如TA、TPUT、HT算法,都会消耗大量的带宽。KLEE算法虽然能够大大地减少带宽的消耗,却不能给出精确解。而提出的算法FT由于添加了一个预处理阶段并且使用了histogram bloom技术,即能有效地减少带宽的消耗,又能给出精确解。实现了FT和相关的算法,并进行了全面的比较。比较是建立在真实的数据集和根据不同情况合成的数据集的基础上的。实验结果显示FT在带宽消耗上面,相对于其他算法有很大的改进和优势。     

复合生物修复技术治理山西汾河水华污染水体的研究

选用3种复合生物制剂对山西汾河公园景区水体进行了治理与修复,研究了技术运用过程中藻类的生长和种属变化、水体透明度的改善,以及水生态系统的恢复。结果显示,治理后藻细胞密度明显低于治理前,有效抑制了蓝藻的生长,且有害蓝藻出现频率较低,水华得到有效控制,水体水质和透明度得到改善,水体生态环境得到修复。     

水华前后叶绿素a变化及其与水质因子的关系

针对目前关于叶绿素a(Chl-a)与水质因子关系的研究成果多是基于分析水华发生后水质资料的现状,以我国南方某水库2003年2月—2009年12月的水质资料为基础,分析水华(2006年)前后水库Chl-a随时间的变化特征和Chl-a与总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、pH值、透明度(SD)和溶解氧(DO)的相关关系。结果表明:水华发生前(2003—2005年)叶绿素a峰值主要出现在夏季,水华发生后(2007—2009年)叶绿素a峰值集中在冬季出现,冬季发生水华的可能性增加;水华发生前Chl-a与TN、TP、SD、pH值、DO均无显著的相关关系,水华发生后Chl-a与TP、SD、pH值、DO的相关关系显著增强,表现为直接或间接的线性关系。     

3种磺酰脲除草剂对水华鱼腥藻的生长效应

采用分光光度法比较研究了甲磺隆、氯磺隆和苄嘧磺隆3种磺酰脲除草剂对水华鱼腥藻的生长效应。发现3种药剂都对一定初始浓度的水华鱼腥藻有抑制生长的作用,并得到了抑制作用规律。     

计算机模拟筛选食用藻蛋白源PAR2抑制肽

该研究主要是通过计算机模拟,从食品来源蛋白质中预测筛选具有蛋白酶激活受体2(Protease Activated Receptor 2,PAR2)抑制作用的生物活性肽,同时预测食用藻类蛋白质酶解后所得的肽段的生物活性、水溶性等理化指标。首先,利用NCBI数据库和蛋白质晶体数据库（Protein Data Bank,PDB）比对选择食用藻类蛋白质,其次通过BIOPEP-UWM数据库模拟酶解,Peptide Ranker进行活性分析,Innovagen和Toxin Pred预测高活性肽,最后采用HPEPDOCK将获得的活性评分超过0.5、水溶性优且无毒的小分子活性肽与PAR2进行分子对接模拟,以探究两者之间的分子结合能力,进而分析判别不同小分子活性肽抑制PAR2活力的潜力和机制。结果表明,小分子寡肽PAGR(-165.80)、PAR(-163.93)、IDQW(-152.95)、DISAW(-154.48)与PAR2具有较高的结合分数,是PAR2潜在的活性抑制肽。该研究旨为藻类蛋白的开发利用以及PAR2抑制剂的挖掘研究提供参考。     

Occurrence and potential risks of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have drawn great attention in coastal areas worldwide in the past decades because of their multiple effects on marine ecosystems as well as public health. This study utilized geographic information system (GIS) techniques to analyze the primary data on HABs, as well as shellfish toxins data, in the East China Sea from 2000 to 2006. The frequency of HABs was mapped by kernel density estimation, and the relative risk posed by HABs was assessed based on their physical-chemical characteristics. In addition, the spatial patterns and the trend of HAB events were examined by nearest neighbor analysis and time series analysis, respectively. The results revealed that HAB events not only had an increasing trend and significant seasonality, but also were clustered in space and time. HAB events displayed a higher frequency and a higher risk in Zhejiang coastal waters, particularly in the Zhoushan Archipelago, the largest marine fishery in China. Shellfish toxins were detected in areas with high HAB risk, but were not correlated with the risk. This paper provides a novel method to assess the relative risk caused by HABs and some useful information for HAB monitoring and management and aquaculture development.     

UV-induced photochemical heterogeneity of dissolved and attached organic matter associated with cyanobacterial blooms in a eutrophic freshwater lake

Cyanobacterial blooms represent a significant ecological and human health problem worldwide. In aquatic environments, cyanobacterial blooms are actually surrounded by dissolved organic matter (DOM) and attached organic matter (AOM) that bind with algal cells. In this study, DOM and AOM fractionated from blooming cyanobacteria in a eutrophic freshwater lake (Lake Taihu, China) were irradiated with a polychromatic UV lamp, and the photochemical heterogeneity was investigated using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and synchronous fluorescence (SF)-two dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). It was shown that a 6-day UV irradiation caused more pronounced mineralization for DOM than AOM (59.7% vs. 41.9%). The EEM-PARAFAC analysis identified one tyrosine-, one humic-, and two tryptophan-like components in both DOM and AOM, and high component photodegradation rates were observed for DOM versus AOM (k > 0.554 vs. <0.519). Moreover, SF-2DCOS found that the photodegradation of organic matters followed the sequence of tyrosine-like > humic-like > tryptophan-like substances. Humic-like substances promoted the indirect photochemical reactions, and were responsible for the higher photochemical rate for DOM. The lower photodegradation of AOM benefited the integrality of cells in cyanobacterial blooms against the negative impact of UV irradiation. Therefore, the photochemical behavior of organic matter was related to the adaptation of enhanced-duration cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic environments.     

海洋生物及其粘附机理——微生物、小型海藻、巨型海藻、贻贝

主要介绍海洋生物中微生物、小型海藻、巨型海藻、贻贝等的粘附机理 ,这对于应用于外科和牙科领域的仿生胶粘剂及海洋防污涂层的研制有着重要的意义