Eutrophication model for river-type reservoir tributaries and its applications

With the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, algal blooms have been found in some tributaries. In this study, according to the theoretical analysis of the eutrophication mechanismin a river-type reservoir tributary, a one-dimensional eutrophication model was developed for the Xiangxi River tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir, and the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the primary growth rate of algae was investigated. Furthermore, numericalpredictions of hydraulic variables and eutrophication factors, such as the concentration distribution of TP, TN, and Chl-a in the spatial and temporal domains, were carded out. Comparison of computation results of TP, TN, and Chl-a concentrations along the river in the spring of 2005 with experimental data demonstrates the validity of the model. The agreement between the computation results and the experimental data of TP and TN concentrations is better than the agreement between those of Chl-a concentration. The simulated results also show that the Chl-a concentration downstream is much higher than that in the upstream tributary, which potentially indicates the outbreak of algae in this area. Therefore, this study provides a feasible method of accurately predicting the state of eutrophication in river-type reservoirs and their tributaries.     

长荡湖、滆湖、竺山湾藻类功能群结构组成与环境因子的关系

为研究太湖流域上游长荡湖、滆湖、竺山湾三大典型浅水湖泊藻类功能群结构组成与环境因子的关系,基于2019年2月至2020年10月水文、水质及浮游植物数据,采用Q指数、香农-维纳多样性指数、TLI综合富营养化指数分析了3个湖泊的水质状况,采用非度量多维尺度变换(NMDS)分析了浮游植物群落结构组成特征,采用冗余分析探讨了浮游植物功能群与环境因子的关系。结果表明：长荡湖和滆湖水质整体属于轻度富营养化,竺山湾除冬季外,均属于中度富营养化;长荡湖、滆湖、竺山湾分别有浮游植物7门61属96种、8门75属129种和6门53属124种,分别划分为9、10和11个优势功能群;3个湖泊藻类功能群变化的共同环境因子是水温、高锰酸盐指数和总磷,而总氮和氮磷比对3个湖泊功能群结构变化的作用并不明显。     

基于流域富营养化模型的水库水华主要诱发因素及防治对策

将计算流域非点源负荷的SWAT模型与一个垂向二维富营养化水体模型相集成,构成了适用于狭长河流型水库的流域富营养化模型。运用此模型,对富春江水库蓝藻水华主要诱发因素进行了计算分析,结果表明水文因素是导致2004年水库水华的最敏感因子。基于此,提出采用生态调水手段防治富春江水库水华的措施,并对2006年环境条件下,调水方案的可行性进行了计算分析,结果发现,径流量与藻类生物量间存在一个函数关系。且当水库日均径流量维持在600m\+3/s以上时,能有效的防止水库出现水华。此外,为论证模拟成果的合理性,通过设置室内藻类培养实验对不同换水周期与藻类生长状况进行对比研究,结果表明当换水周期小于3d,可以很好的抑制藻类生长,此结论与借助流域富营养化模型计算得结果相近。从而证明依据此模型所得的有关富春江水库水华的研究成果较为可靠,可供水库管理部门参考。     

流速对藻类生长影响的试验研究

水华的发生除与营养盐、光照等条件有关外,还和水体的流速等水文条件有关.以故宫筒子河为例,分析了推流技术对水体水华的抑制效果,证明增加水体流速可以在一定程度上抑制水华.在此基础上介绍了水体流速对藻类生长影响的试验研究,探讨了水体流速与藻类生长的关系.     

UV-induced photochemical heterogeneity of dissolved and attached organic matter associated with cyanobacterial blooms in a eutrophic freshwater lake

Cyanobacterial blooms represent a significant ecological and human health problem worldwide. In aquatic environments, cyanobacterial blooms are actually surrounded by dissolved organic matter (DOM) and attached organic matter (AOM) that bind with algal cells. In this study, DOM and AOM fractionated from blooming cyanobacteria in a eutrophic freshwater lake (Lake Taihu, China) were irradiated with a polychromatic UV lamp, and the photochemical heterogeneity was investigated using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and synchronous fluorescence (SF)-two dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). It was shown that a 6-day UV irradiation caused more pronounced mineralization for DOM than AOM (59.7% vs. 41.9%). The EEM-PARAFAC analysis identified one tyrosine-, one humic-, and two tryptophan-like components in both DOM and AOM, and high component photodegradation rates were observed for DOM versus AOM (k > 0.554 vs. <0.519). Moreover, SF-2DCOS found that the photodegradation of organic matters followed the sequence of tyrosine-like > humic-like > tryptophan-like substances. Humic-like substances promoted the indirect photochemical reactions, and were responsible for the higher photochemical rate for DOM. The lower photodegradation of AOM benefited the integrality of cells in cyanobacterial blooms against the negative impact of UV irradiation. Therefore, the photochemical behavior of organic matter was related to the adaptation of enhanced-duration cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic environments.     

植被型岸边带对藻类的捕获与水源保护研究

淡水水体富营养化控制已成为一个世界性的难题,频繁暴发的水华给饮用水安全带来了严重的隐患和巨大的经济损失。而目前的技术水平尚难保证对水体富营养化的治理在短期内奏效,如何应对突然暴发的水华、保证供水安全是一个亟待解决的问题。研究发现植被型岸边带可以大量捕获来自开阔水体的漂浮藻类,并使之在岸边区迅速降解,从而减少了进入水厂的藻类生物量。据观察,水华暴发期植被型岸边区的叶绿素a浓度高达3.2×105μg/L,是开阔水体的3 000~4 500倍。因此饮用水源地周边岸边区的生态修复极其重要,充分发挥岸边带的拦截功能可有效降低藻华对供水的危害。     

Occurrence and potential risks of harmful algal blooms in the East China Sea

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have drawn great attention in coastal areas worldwide in the past decades because of their multiple effects on marine ecosystems as well as public health. This study utilized geographic information system (GIS) techniques to analyze the primary data on HABs, as well as shellfish toxins data, in the East China Sea from 2000 to 2006. The frequency of HABs was mapped by kernel density estimation, and the relative risk posed by HABs was assessed based on their physical-chemical characteristics. In addition, the spatial patterns and the trend of HAB events were examined by nearest neighbor analysis and time series analysis, respectively. The results revealed that HAB events not only had an increasing trend and significant seasonality, but also were clustered in space and time. HAB events displayed a higher frequency and a higher risk in Zhejiang coastal waters, particularly in the Zhoushan Archipelago, the largest marine fishery in China. Shellfish toxins were detected in areas with high HAB risk, but were not correlated with the risk. This paper provides a novel method to assess the relative risk caused by HABs and some useful information for HAB monitoring and management and aquaculture development.     

实施联合水量调配防止汉江中下游产生水华

分析了汉江中下游产生水华的原因及防止其产生的临界水文条件,实施丹江口水库与引江济汉工程联合水量调配可防止水华的产生,而且不影响南水北调计划。     

生物系统固定化强化除藻试验及机理浅析

由活性污泥驯化得到的生物系统经固定后能够有效去除藻类,以海绵和木屑作载体,藻类去除率分别可以达到90%和80%以上;生物系统对藻类的絮凝吸附作用、微型动物的捕食以及特定细菌对藻类的分解作用是主要的除藻机制,而适宜载体的投加则增强了生物活性,强化了生物捕食性能,提高了处理效果.     

Density‐driven water circulation in a typical tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

A 2‐D hydrodynamic model was developed for modelling water circulation from 2008 to 2011 in a typical tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The model is capable of describing flow behaviour and mixing mechanisms for different density current patterns and performs well in computing the velocity, the intrusion layer at the plunge point, and the travel distance of the density current. The effects of 10 flow patterns on thermal stratification, hydrodynamics, and algal bloom risk are discussed and classified in terms of algal growth. Patterns (6) and (10) can effectively prevent algal blooms; Patterns (7) and (8) are good for algal blooms. More frequent transformations of flow‐driven patterns, as observed in 2010–2011, could create more eddies and mixing and thus reduce bloom risk. Further studies are necessary and recommended for more accurate predictions, assessing the impact of water level fluctuations on transform flow patterns and water quality.