Adaptive neural dynamic surface control for servo systems with unknown dead-zone

An adaptive neural controller is proposed for nonlinear systems with a nonlinear dead-zone and multiple time-delays. The often used inverse model compensation approach is avoided by representing the dead-zone as a time-varying system. The “explosion of complexity” in the backstepping synthesis is eliminated in terms of the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique. A novel high-order neural network (HONN) with only a scalar weight parameter is developed to account for unknown nonlinearities. The control singularity and some restrictive requirements on the system are circumvented. Simulations and experiments for a turntable servo system with permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are provided to verify the reliability and effectiveness.     

一种改进的组间互补码及其性能分析

在分析组间互补码、零相关区正交互补码的基础上,构造一种适合于多进制正交码扩频系统或准同步CDMA系统的正交码集――改进的组间互补码。通过理论分析与性能仿真表明,改进的组间互补码的集合数量多于组间互补码;零相关区长度大于组内组间互补码,但比组间的组间互补码小;在相同码长条件下,改进的组间互补码的自相关特性优于组间互补码,互相关特性与组间互补码相当。     

一种实时可靠的移动无线传感器网络贪婪地理路由协议

随着定位装置和定位算法的成熟,基于地理位置信息的贪婪地理路由协议受到广泛的关注与研究.但是,在移动无线传感器网络贪婪地理路由协议中,周期性信标交换条件下采用贪婪转发策略会引起通信暂盲现象,造成数据的丢失.基于右手法则的面遍历算法,对路由空洞的形状不能进行感知,数据转发具有很大的盲目性,转发路径有时比最优路径长很多,造成数据传输时延的增加.针对上述问题提出一种实时可靠的QoS贪婪地理路由协议,该协议通过自适应信标交换算法、基于过渡带思想的贪婪转发策略和基于路标迭代提取和剔除的自适应空洞处理算法,使得数据分组能够实时可靠地传输.NS-2仿真结果表明该协议在不增加控制开销的情况下,能够有效减缓通信暂盲现象,高效地处理路由空洞问题,大大提高协议的实时性和可靠性,可应用于对实时性和可靠性有一定要求的大规模移动无线传感网络.     

超高密度电法和激电法在河北某地找水实例分析

通过介绍由澳大利亚引进的全新超高密度电法反演系统对河北省行唐县几个村庄的地下水勘查实例,对新兴的超高密度电法与传统的大功率激电测深法相结合的方式在太行山灰岩地区基岩水勘查的应用进行了可行性分析。高密度电法工作效率高、探测速度快,而大功率激电测深法探测精度高。二者有机结合,既可以提高工作效率、又可以互相印证,是一种很好的综合物探地下水勘查模式。通过平行布置电阻率测量剖面的工作方式很好的把控了破碎构造的走向,圈定了富水异常区,并最终取得了很好的勘探效果,实践证明该电法组合的勘探方式在同类地区中进行地下水勘查是很有推广价值的。     

某水源地地下水四氯化碳污染特征分析

通过对某水源地地下水的四氯化碳污染调查和日常监测数据分析,研究了该水源地四氯化碳污染晕的形态和变化特征,并选取典型水源井对其四氯化碳动态特征进行了分析。在污染发现初期,污染面积为2.73 km2,最高污染浓度为249.7μg/L,随着后期污染治理工作的开展,污染面积减小到1.24 km2,最高污染浓度下降到3.62μg/L。分析认为,污染晕形态在空间分布上主要受地下水流场的控制,同时受降水量、地下水位标高及开采量等多种因素控制,污染物由北区井群向南区井群扩散。单井四氯化碳含量动态则呈现出南北区的相反特征:在北区,四氯化碳含量随着地下水位的上升而上升,并随地下水流向南扩散;在南区,四氯化碳含量随着地下水位的上升而下降,并随地下水流向地下水漏斗中心汇集。这是由于赋存于SD1井附近包气带中的四氯化碳尚未清除造成的。     

一种基于死区离散趋近律的准滑模控制

针对受正弦信号干扰的不确定离散时间系统,提出一种基于死区离散趋近律的准滑模控制方法. 系统能够由任一初始状态向死区作单调趋近运动,并于有限时间到达准滑动模态区作准滑动模态运动. 准滑动模态带具有任意阶次小的特点.该方法进一步增强了系统鲁棒性,有效改善系统动态品质,减小了稳态误差.系统无 控制抖振和稳态抖振产生.仿真结果表明该方法的有效性.     

MULTISTAGE ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGIC ALTERATIONS IN THE YELLOW RIVER,CHINA

Natural river flow regimes provide an array of ecological and social functions by sustaining the health of riverine ecosystems. To identify the hydrologic alterations in the lower Yellow River basin caused by natural factors and human activities, we developed multistage hydrologic analysis to investigate the temporal variability of the river's flow regimes. We used a cumulative departure curve and Mann–Whitney–Pettitt nonparametric tests to determine possible change points based on hydrologic data from 1950 to 2006. We then used the range of variability approach to characterize and to quantify the temporal variability of the hydrologic regimes that were associated with perturbations such as dam operation, flow diversions or intensive conversion of land use within the watershed. In the case study, three stages in hydrologic alterations of the flow regime were found: a stage without human impacts, a stage with excessive human impacts and a reservoir‐regulation stage. Our results indicated that (i) after 1997, dam operation efficiently achieved flood control using sediment regulation activities; (ii) although effective in flood control, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir could not handle situations with extremely low flow, such as during droughts; and (iii) under the arid climate of the Yellow River basin, water consumption by agriculture was the main cause of water shortages. The current study shows that multistage hydrologic analysis can greatly assist regional water resources management and the restoration of riparian eco‐environmental systems affected by dam construction under a changing environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Temporal shifts in the biodiversity of nearshore small fishes in Lake Simcoe

Nearshore small fish species represent a large proportion of fish biodiversity in Lake Simcoe, a large inland lake in southern Ontario, Canada. Over the past 30 years, Lake Simcoe has experienced several changes to its aquatic habitat, benthic invertebrate communities and predatory fish populations. This study compared samples of the nearshore small fish community in three geographic areas of Lake Simcoe. Fish community data were grouped into two time periods: a contemporary period (2007–2009) and a historical period (1982–1995). The fish community was compared across time periods for each area to assess if observed ecological changes had an impact on the small fish community. Species richness significantly declined between time periods in two areas (Cook's Bay and the southeast shoreline), the number of individuals captured declined between time periods in one area of the lake (Kempenfelt Bay) and Simpson's diversity index declined between time periods in one area of the lake (southeast shoreline). There were no significant differences in the Shannon–Weiner evenness index between time periods in any of the study areas. Additional analyses of intra- and inter-annual variation in fish sampling results generally supported the findings that shifts in the fish community occurred between time periods. Overall, this study suggests that the nearshore small fish biodiversity of Lake Simcoe has shifted over time but these shifts are not clearly related to recent increases in water clarity, macrophyte growth and nearshore benthic invertebrate densities.     

水文测区监测模式探讨

为提高水环境的监测水平,形成科学的用水体系,河北省水文局全面实施"全方位,大水文"战略,引入水文测区监测理念,探索巡测模式,拓宽水文工作领域。在分析水文测区的划分及其意义的基础上,从巡测基地建设、巡测队伍建设、站网建设、监测设备等方面对水文测区监测模式进行了深入探讨。详细介绍了雨量监测站、蒸发监测站、流量监测站、水环境监测站、旱情监测站、地下水监测站的特点和布设要求,为发展以水文测区巡测为主的监测模式提供借鉴。