高纯度氨氮回收技术及装备

开发了全填料结构的吸收、精馏、压缩冷凝新型复合分离流程及装备。该流程和装备用于精细化工厂氨氮废气(水)的处理,在获得高收率、高纯度液氨产品的同时,基本上实现了气、液无污染排放。     

解吸水解装置存在问题分析及改进措施

分析解吸水解系统存在的工艺冷凝液流量及组分偏离设计值、塔盘吹翻、水解给料泵超负荷等问题，提出改进措施及建议。     

Attractiveness to mexican fruit flies of combinations of acetic acid with ammonium/amino attractants with emphasis on effects of hunger

Ammonium acetate was more attractive than other ammonium salts to Mexican fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens) in an orchard test. We hypothesized that acetic acid enhanced the attractiveness of ammonia in the orchard test and that acetic acid may similarly enhance attractiveness of AMPu, an attractant consisting of a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine. In laboratory experiments, acetic acid was attractive to flies deprived of either yeast hydrolysate or both sugar and yeast hydrolysate but not to flies fed both sugar and yeast hydrolysate. AMPu/acetic acid combinations were more attractive than AMPu alone to flies deprived of both sugar and yeast hydrolysate but not to flies fed sugar, regardless of yeast hydrolysate deprivation status. Acetic acid is the first attractant found that has become more attractive with both sugar and protein deprivation in studies withA. ludens. It is also the first that has enhanced the attractiveness of another attractant type. In orchard tests, yellow sticky panels baited with either AMPu or 17 mg of acetic acid were at least six times more attractive than unbaited panels. However, panels baited with both acetic acid (17–68 mg) and AMPu were less attractive than AMPu alone. These results differed from the laboratory data in which combinations were never less attractive than AMPu alone.     

氨汽提尿素装置扩能改造的可行性分析

介绍中石油宁夏石化分公司二化肥尿素装置的现状，拟采用二氧化碳汽提法对装置进行50％扩能改造，分析改造方案的可行性。     

Effect of green manure on the yield,N uptake and floodwater properties of a flooded rice,wheat rotation receiving15N urea on a highly permeable soil

Field studies were conducted for two years on a rapidly percolating loamy sand (Typic Ustochrept) to evaluate the effect of green manure (GM) on the yield,¹⁵N recovery from urea applied to flooded rice, the potential for ammonia loss and uptake of residual fertilizer N by succeeding crops. The GM crop ofSesbania aculeata was grownin situ and incorporated one day before transplanting rice. Urea was broadcast in 0.05 m deep floodwater, and incorporated with a harrow. Green manure significantly increased the yield and N uptake by rice and substituted for a minimum of 60 kg fertilizer N ha^–1. The recovery of fertilizer N as indicated by¹⁵N recovery was higher in the GM + urea treatments. The grain yield and N uptake by succeeding wheat in the rotation was slightly higher with GM. The recovery of residual fertilizer N as indicated by the¹⁵N recovery in the second, third and fourth crops of wheat, rice and wheat was only 3, 1 and 1 per cent of the urea fertilizer applied to the preceding rice crop. Floodwater chemistry parameters showed that the combined use of the GM and 40 kg N ha^–1 as urea applied at transplanting resulted in a comparatively higher potential for NH₃ loss immediately after fertilizer application. The actual ammonia loss as suggested by the¹⁵N recoveries in the rice crop, however, did not appear to be appreciably larger in the GM treatment. It appeared the ammonia loss was restricted by low ammoniacal-N concentration maintained in the floodwater after 2 to 3 days of fertilizer application.     

Reductive alkylation of Illinois No. 6 coal in liquid ammonia

The reductive alkylation of Illinois No. 6 coal was investigated using alkali metals and alkyl halides in liquid ammonia. Potassium is the most effective reducing agent and butyl iodide is the most effective alkylating agent for the preparation of coal alkylate that is soluble in tetrahydrofuran. The overall yield of soluble product is often improved through the reaction of the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble portion of the initial reaction products with an alkylating agent in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. The infrared spectra of these materials suggest that the phase transfer agent catalyses the esterification of residual carboxylic acid functions. The intermolecular interactions between such acid groups and acceptor groups markedly restrict the solubility of the coal alkylate. The gel permeation chromatograms of the soluble reaction products are essentially featureless with only modest maxima at short and long elution volumes. The proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the reductive methylation products, prepared using methyl-¹³C iodide, suggest that carbon alkylation exceeds oxygen alkylation and that the alkylation of phenolic groups is the dominant O-alkylation reaction. The spectra also suggest that fewer ethers are cleaved in the reaction in liquid ammonia than under the conditions of the Sternberg reaction.     

膜技术在城市污水回用中的适用性研究

为了探讨膜技术在城市污水回用中的适用性,总结了城市污水的回用现状和技术措施,研究了膜技术在洗浴废水和高氨氮生活污水回用中的应用.结果表明,膜出水水质均符合市政和生活杂用水水质标准.膜技术用于城市污水回用具有明显的环境效益,可有效缓解水资源不足和水环境污染的矛盾.     

焦化废水曝气生物滤池深度处理试验

以升流式曝气生物滤池(UBAF)深度处理某焦化厂废水处理站二级未达标生化出水,在投加30%双氧水(H2O2/COD cr质量比为3)预处理后,并在气水比为3∶1,回流比为(0.5~1)∶1的运行条件下,系统对CODcr、NH3-N的平均去除率分别为53.1%、91.6%,系统出水CODcr和NH3-N浓度分别达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8987—1996)的二级和一级排放标准.     

氨气法制备氢氧化镁的研究

以硼镁肥精制液硫酸镁为原料,通过氨气法制备花瓣状氢氧化镁.研究搅拌速度、反应温度、氨气流量等因素对氢氧化镁粒径形貌的影响.采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和激光粒度分布仪等对MH（Mg（OH）2）粉体的晶型、粒度、形貌进行表征.实验结果表明：在大流量氨气条件下,氨气流量为8 333 mL/min时,产品的表观粒径随合成温度的升高而减小.反应温度45℃,氨气流量80 mL/min时,氢氧化镁形貌一致,分散性良好,容易过滤,其产率在80.1%左右.     

民用建筑工程室内空气中氨的测量不确定度评定

民用建筑工程室内空气中氨的测定采用国家标准《公共场所空气中氨测定方法》GB/T18204.25-2000进行。分析了不确定度分量的来源及评定,确定了各不确定度分量值与灵敏度系数,求得了空气中氨含量测定的扩展不确定度。