The role of ion characteristics in determining the structural and electrical quality of InN grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy

The effects of growth temperature and nitrogen plasma biasing on the electrical and structural properties of InN grown using electron cyclotron resonance metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (ECR MOMBE) have been investigated. These results are compared to those found from InN grown using a higher energy radio frequency (rf) plasma source (rf MOMBE). By varying the bias of the nitrogen plasma or the growth temperature, it is possible to achieve smooth surface morphologies. However, biasing can also be used to increase the mobility by a factor of two while the growth temperature has only a small effect. By contrast, use of an rf plasma improves mobility by nearly a factor of ten. None of the growth conditions investigated were found to significantly alter the electron concentration, which was measured to be 1−5 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³.     

SnO2：TiO2薄膜氨气敏光纤传感器的研究

本文作者利用ＳｎＯ２：ＴｉＯ２气敏光学薄膜设计制成气敏光纤传感器，并用它测定氨蒸汽浓度，传感器的灵敏范围为１５０￣６０００ｐｐｍ，灵敏度为２００ｐｐｍ。     

焙烧工艺条件对钼精矿氨浸的影响

研究了焙烧工艺条件对钼精矿浸出及回收率的影响,并采用XRD、SEM等手段对焙砂和浸出渣进行了表征。结果表明,在温度较低时,由于钼精矿氧化不完全,致使钼精矿的氨浸和回收率都比较低;温度过高时,虽然氨浸率维持较高的水平,但回收率有所降低。随着焙烧时间的增加,氨浸率和回收率先逐渐增大后趋于稳定。在600℃焙烧2h及适宜的浸出条件下,钼浸出率达到93.54%,在浸出液中加入适量碳酸钠,可使钼精矿浸出率增加至97.5%。浸出渣中主要含有CaMoO_4和SiO_2。     

脉冲熔融-飞行时间质谱法同时测定钨和钽中氧氮氢

在对仪器测定条件优化的基础上, 以0.15 g镍箔作助熔剂, 采用自行设计的由套坩埚和内坩埚组成的新型石墨坩埚, 建立了同时测定难熔金属钨、钽中氧、氮和氢的脉冲熔融-飞行时间质谱法。选择与钨、钽产品中氧和氮含量较匹配的钢标准样品建立测定氧和氮的校准曲线, 和与钨、钽产品中氢含量较匹配的钛标准样品建立测定氢的校准曲线。方法中氧、氮、氢的检出限分别为0.5 μg、0.5 μg、0.4 μg, 测定下限分别为1.7 μg、1.7 μg、1.2 μg。方法用于钨条和钽片样品中氧、氮、氢的测定, 对于钨条样品氧、氮、氢测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为5.5%、11.5%、8.9%(n=11), 对于钽片样品氧、氮、氢测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为12%、24%、22%(n=11), 并且氧、氢和氮的测定结果分别与红外吸收法和热导法基本一致。     

Browning susceptibility of minimally processed Baby and Romaine lettuces

 This study was conducted to determine the effects of cultivar, tissue susceptibility and storage temperature on the keeping quality of minimally processed Baby and Romaine lettuces. Midrib and photosynthetic tissues were lightly processed and stored for up to 7 days at 5  °C and 13  °C. Changes in L ^* and a ^* values and absorbance at 430 nm were compared. The relationship between polyphenols, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and browning was examined. Measurements of L ^* and a ^* values on midribs showed that browning discoloration was the same for Baby as for Romaine lettuces and there was no relationship for temperature. In addition, L ^* and a ^* values in photosynthetic tissue indicated a decrease in green pigmentation during storage, especially at 13  °C. For both kinds of tissue at the end of cold storage an increase in soluble brown polymers was detected. In midribs, total phenolics increased significantly throughout the storage period because of the tissue-wounding response. The photosynthetic tissue had a higher phenolic content than the midrib one. For both kinds of tissue an increase in PPO activity occurred throughout cold storage. On the other hand, PAL activity in midrib tissue only increased initially, followed by a slow decline to reach normal levels. Browning potential estimated by L ^* values correlated significantly (P>95%) with PPO activity and with absorbance at 430 nm for Romaine lettuce. Based on colour and browning potential no differences between Romaine and Baby lettuce cultivars were observed. However, photosynthetic tissue was the most suitable tissue for the preparation of minimally processed salad mixes because of its high phenolic content. Received: 28 September 1998     

烟草感染马铃薯Y病毒脉坏死株系后六种酶活性变化的研究

本文定期测定了感病品种NC89接种PVYN后叶片内6种酶活性的动态变化,结果表明,接种后14天内SOD活性均较对照增高,其中第8天达高峰值,但接种后第16天SOD活性低于对照约28%;AAO活性在接种后2~6天明显高于对照,6~12天,AAO活性变化不定,但12天后,AAO活性又升高;POD活性在接种后2~4天比对照降低,4天后显著升高,至接种后第14天达高峰值,接种后16天又有下降趋势;CAT活性仅在接种后第2天比对照略有升高,随后均低于对照,其中第6天和第10天CAT活性降低幅度较大;PAL活性在接种后2~6天均比对照高,随后开始下降,第8~10天PAL活性低于对照,10天后又升高,第12天又达高峰值;PPO活性在接种后2~16天明显高于对照。本文还详细讨论了上述6种酶与烟草脉坏死病病程的相关性。      

不同氮量与氮源下烤烟淀粉酶和转化酶活性动态变化

研究结果表明,在烟叶生长成熟过程中,烟叶中淀粉酶活性变化呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在叶片功能盛期和成熟期。在烟叶成熟期以前淀粉酶活性与施氮量呈正相关,成熟期则呈负相关。转化酶活性在叶片功能盛期后逐渐降低,随着施氮水平的提高,转化酶活性提高。     

基于红外光谱技术的秸秆还田环境下土壤氨挥发特征分析

秸秆还田对于农业面源污染和氨排放具有一定影响,监测氨挥发浓度是研究其排放规律的前提条件。本文研究氨近红外光谱特性并建立浓度反演算法模型,重点优化相关性分析和温度修正功能。利用开放式激光吸收光谱技术建立氨区域监测系统,于2015年在安徽涡阳秸秆还田示范区开展监测实验,研究玉米和小麦种植情况下的土壤氨挥发特征。研究结果表明氨浓度具有日变化趋势：白天浓度上升在正午达到最高值,逐步降低到夜间至最小值。夏、秋季典型小时浓度变化范围为0.6 10-3 ~1.34 10-3mmol/mol和1.14 10-3 ~1.82 10-3mmol/mol,秋季玉米和夏季小麦秸秆还田的最大氨日均浓度为4.6 10-4mmol/mol和1.7 10-3mmol/mol,还田一个多月后氨浓度明显上升,并存在一定季节性差异。近红外光谱技术为明晰土壤氨排放规律提供了技术支持。     

Understanding Boosted Selective CO2-to-CO Photoreduction with Pure Water Vapor over Hierarchical Biomass-Derived Carbon Matrix

Solar-driven CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) with water into carbon-neutral fuels is of great significance but remains challenging due to thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO₂. Biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C_b) have been considered as promising earth-abundant photocatalysts for CO₂RR, although their activities are not ideal and the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Herein, an efficient catalyst is developed for CO₂-to-CO conversion realized on diverse N-C_b materials with hierarchical pore structures. It is demonstrated that the CO₂-to-CO conversion preferentially takes place on positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic-N using two representatives treated pollens with the largest difference in pyridinic-N density and N content as model photocatalysts. Systematic experimental results indicate that surface local electric field originating from charge separation can be boosted by hierarchical pore structures, doped N, as well as pyridinic-N. Mechanistic studies reveal that positively charged carbon atoms next to pyridinic-N serve as active sites for CO₂RR, reduce the energy barrier on the formation of CO*, and facilitate the CO₂RR performance. All these benefits cooperatively contribute to treated chrysanthemum pollen catalyst exhibiting excellent CO formation rate of 203.2 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ with 97.2% selectivity in pure water vapor. These results provide a new perspective into CO₂RR on N-C_b, which shall guide the design of nature-based photocatalysts for high-performance solar-fuel generation.     

用于氨氮检测的三维微纳氨气传感芯片及系统研究

该文设计并制备了一种多层微结构的安培型氨气三维微纳传感芯片,并构建了以此微传感芯片为敏感单元的氨氮检测系统,探索了使用安培型氨气微传感器检测氨氮的方法。该微传感芯片采用微纳加工工艺制备,使用聚合物键合工艺在较低温度下实现了微传感器多层结构的封装。使用纳米铱作为传感器的敏感材料,其具有良好的电催化氧化能力,可使传感器具有较高的灵敏度。对Ag/AgCl微参比电极的稳定性进行了考察。使用自行设计的氨氮检测系统对氨氮样品进行检测,对微传感器的时间响应特性、浓度响应特性、重复性及选择性进行了测试和分析。实验结果表明,在0.5~10 mg/L的测试范围内,检测电流与氨氮浓度保持良好的线性,灵敏度为1.62 A/(mg/L),线性相关系数为0.995,重复性偏差为5.73%。同时,传感器显示出良好的选择性。