Facile Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystals Films: A Study on Solvent Stability and Post Antibacterial Activity

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) incorporated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) photonic films have drawn considerable attention due to their plasmonic chiroptical activity. However, the exploitation of some fundamental properties for practical use such as the affinity analysis of metal nanoparticles attached to the surface of photonic films according to the solvent compatibility and antibacterial activity under physical conditions has yet not been studied. Hence, a facile process of in situ deposition of AgNPs into the chiral structure of CNC films is proposed. CNC photonic films, cross-linked by glutaraldehyde are prepared. This interaction generated the solvents-stable photonic film with a considerable amount of unreacted aldehyde functional groups that facilitates the reduction of Ag salt to AgNPs. The formed AgNPs in the photonic films show excellent stability over immersion in various polar and non-polar solvents. The post-solvent treated photonic films display excellent contact-based antibacterial behavior against gram-negative Escherichia coli.     

细菌纤维素合成过程中的影响因素

研究了接种量、pH值、培养液深度、培养液表面积和发酵时间等因素对形成细菌纤维素膜的产量、厚度及比表面积的影响。结果表明:接种量在7%、初始pH值在5～6范围内细菌纤维素的产量最大;厚度主要取决于发酵时间和初始pH值;培养液表面积对单位面积细菌纤维素产量有比较大的影响;膜的比表面积与发酵时间的长短无关。     

大豆蛋白/粘胶共混纤维的结构与性能

采用湿法纺丝制备大豆蛋白/粘胶共混纤维,分析测试了共混纤维的结构形态与物理机械性能的关系,并与其他类型的蛋白质改性纤维进行了比较。实验结果表明共混纤维的力学性能与蛋白质比例有关,随着蛋白质质量分数的增加,纤维的强度降低;共混纤维的截面形状和黏胶纤维相似,但表面沟槽更为明显。     

两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法及应用进展

结合国内外研究情况，从技术路线和实施方法两个角度着重阐述了制备两性聚丙烯酰胺的方法，同时简单介绍了其应用情况，并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议。     

罩面金属氟碳涂料的配方设计及应用

介绍了氟碳金属涂料和氟碳罩面清漆的参考配方、生产工艺,探讨了罩面金属氟碳涂料配方的设计及喷涂效果,表明金属氟碳漆罩清漆效果良。     

生物质转化的共性问题研究——生物质科学与工程学的建立与发展

生物质资源的高值转化是研究热点。由于现有的生物质利用技术存在的技术单一,缺乏系统性理论指导等问题,导致原料利用率低,经济效益差,难以实现工业化生产,迫切需要建立新的理论体系。通过深入分析生物质转化过程中的共性问题,在综合多学科知识的基础上,提出了生物质科学与工程学这一理念,从生物质原料工程学,生物质转化过程工程学和生物质产品工程学三方面对生物质利用技术进行了全面、系统的研究,为生物质类可再生资源的高值化利用提供了新的研究思路。     

超细纤维素胶体和丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚

本文用纤维素材料经酸分解制备具有平衡聚合度（LODP）的微晶纤维素，再分散成超细纤维素胶体（准均相纤维素体系）。用扫描电镜（SEM）观察处理前后的纤维素颗粒尺寸，并比较它们和丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的反应速率、聚合转化率、接枝率、接技效率、聚丙烯酰胺支链的分子量及其分布的情况。     

接种固氮菌对纤维素分解过程的影响

从纤维素分解菌与联合固氮菌的接种配比,研究了混合培养对滤纸分解的影响。试验共设6个处理样,总接种量均为10%(V/V):处理Ⅰ,2%固氮菌+8%纤维素分解菌;处理Ⅱ,4%固氮菌+6%纤维素分解菌;处理Ⅲ,6%固氮菌+4%纤维素分解菌;处理Ⅳ,10%纤维素分解菌;处理Ⅴ,10%固氮菌;CK(空白对照)。结果显示:与处理Ⅳ相比,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ的CMC酶活力及处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的滤纸分解率有明显提高。接种固氮菌的各处理样中,培养液中氮素含量与CK相比均有显著提高(P<0.05),且培养过程中pH值比较平稳,而未接种固氮菌处理培养液的氮素则低于CK,pH急剧降低。所有处理样中,接种2%固氮菌效果最佳,培养192h,其CMC酶活力与滤纸分解率比处理Ⅳ分别提高43.4%、240%;与处理Ⅴ相比,固氮菌数有显著增加(P<0.05),培养液中氮含量提高28.0%。     

Electrochemical insertion of sodium into hard carbons

The electrochemical insertion of sodium ions into different types of hard carbons was achieved in electrolytes composed of ethylene carbonate as the solvent and NaClO₄ as the salt. For all the materials studied the sodium uptake increases when the carbon highest heat treatment temperature (HTT) decreases. PAN-based carbon fibres appear to be suitable structures to allow significant sodium insertion. Thus, T650 ex-PAN fibres lead to a reversible capacity close to 209 mAh g⁻¹. In that case, sodium insertion occurs in two main ways: one is the adsorption on the single graphene layers and the other is the concomitant insertion into the porosity that occurs below 0.1 V versus Na⁺/Na. This second mechanism, which is indicated by a low-voltage plateau on the electrochemical curves, allows significant insertion. The compared electrochemical study of two saccharose-coke samples corresponding to different regions of Dahn's classification underlines the importance of the carbon precursor and of the manufacture process. The reversible capacity is equal to 184 mAh g⁻¹ for the sample heat treated at 800 °C which presents a high hydrogen content whereas it is close to 145 mAh g⁻¹ for the one characterized by a HTT of about 1500 °C and a low hydrogen content. The best electrochemical performances are obtained for pyrolyzed cellulose carbons. Indeed, the reversible capacity is about 279 mAh g⁻¹. Outgassing these carbons at 950 °C results in such a decrease of the reversible capacity down to 145 mAh g⁻¹. That can be related either to the thermal elimination of heteroelements or to modifications of the pore size distribution. Consequently, the most suitable hard carbon material for anodic applications in rechargeable sodium-ion batteries should both present a high residual hydrogen content and a significant microporosity.     

两性乳化剂体系对有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液合成的影响

采用新型琥珀酸类两性乳化剂(A1)与非离子乳化剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(CA407)复配体系,合成了有机硅γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙三甲氧基硅烷(A174)改性的丙烯酸酯乳液。系统研究了两性乳化剂体系与非离子乳化剂复配比例、用量及乳化剂在种子乳液与预乳液中分布比例(R/F)E对乳液聚合及其性能的影响。研究表明:乳化剂配比m(A1)∶m(CA407)=30∶70时,乳液聚合稳定性及抗电解质稳定性较好;乳化剂用量越大,乳胶粒径越小,粒径分布越宽,乳液黏度越大,涂膜吸水率也越大;乳化剂在种子乳液与预乳液中的分布比例主要影响乳液聚合的稳定性。同时通过TEM乳胶粒形态分析及DSC涂膜的玻璃化转变温度分析认为,A174主要在乳液聚合时分布在乳胶粒表面,易水解交联。