聚糖菌反硝化影响因素及内碳源转化特性

在SBR反应器中以乙酸钠为碳源、\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_3^{-}-N为电子受体成功富集了反硝化聚糖菌，并采用批次实验进一步考察了进水C/N比（3.3,6.7,10）、电子受体（\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_3^{-}-N、\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_2^{-}-N）、碳源类型（乙酸钠、葡萄糖）对反硝化聚糖菌活性的影响及内碳源转化特性。实验结果表明，进水C/N比越高，系统\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_x^{-}-N去除率越高，厌氧段合成PHB越多，但进水C/N比过高会导致普通反硝化菌占优势，影响内碳源反硝化效率，进水C/N比为6.7较为合适；以\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_3^{-}-N为电子受体长期培养的DGAOs系统未经\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_2^{-}-N驯化，对\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_2^{-}-N同样具有良好的反硝化性能，在投加与\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_3^{-}-N相同浓度的\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_2^{-}-N后，系统\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_x^{-}-N去除率达89.6%；当以葡萄糖为碳源时，DPAOs在厌氧段合成的PHB的量仅为以乙酸钠为碳源时合成PHB量的79.5%，且厌氧段葡萄糖利用率仅为72.8%，远远小于乙酸钠的利用率。     

Ultrasonic treatment of an aerobic activated sludge in a batch reactor

Low-frequency and high-intensity ultrasonic treatment of sewage plant sludge disrupts the flocs and lyses the bacterial cells. This results in a substantial reduction in the volume of the flocs and a release of both inter and intracellular materials. The evolution of the particles size (flocs and isolated microorganisms) is evaluated by a Malvern Mastersizer granulometer and the release of material is quantified by measuring the chemical oxygen demand and the proteins solubilized in the solution. In the first part, the disruption of the particles was undertaken with low concentrated sludge from an aeration tank in order to comprehend better the mechanisms and to modelize them. In the second part, the influence of the initial concentration is studied by working with higher concentrated sludge from a settler. Ultrasonic treatment also causes a change in the settleability and filterability of the sludge which the effects are evaluated in the last part.     

气固错流移动颗粒床过滤器压降特性研究

研究了错流移动颗粒床过滤器操作压降与过滤介质特性、表现过滤气速、颗粒层移动速度和床层粉尘沉积量之间的关系。结果表明，无粉尘沉积时，床层压降可以用Ergun方程计算。颗粒层移动速度的变化并不会造成床层压降的显著变化。除尘过程中，床层内粉尘沉积量随气体中粉尘浓度的增大、颗粒层移动速度的减小而增加，同时将导致床层压降的显著增大。错流移动床除尘操作压降可以用带修正项的Ergun方程计算，其修正项为比沉积率和颗粒层空欧率的函数。在实验数据范围内，该方程的计算结果与实验数据最大偏差小于15％。     

水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响

为研究水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响,采用16个SBR反应器研究同周期内基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段EPS含量的变化以及总氮质量浓度、IC/TN、COD/TN对于厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响.结果表明,同周期内,基质利用阶段的EPS含量不断升高,基质匮乏阶段EPS含量不断降低;总氮质量浓度为35~280 mg/L时,提高总氮质量浓度可以提高EPS的含量,总氮质量浓度280 mg/L时EPS含量有所减少;IC/TN为0.01~0.2时,EPS及其各组分含量随无机碳质量浓度的升高而增加,IC/TN0.2时,无机碳质量浓度对于EPS及其各组分含量无明显影响;COD/TN0.5时,有机物对于EPS含量具有促进作用,COD/TN0.5时,有机物的提高对于EPS含量有抑制作用.在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥工艺的实际运行过程中,应避免过长的基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段,总氮质量浓度应保持在150~210 mg/L,无机碳质量浓度应保持在IC/TN为0.1~0.2,有机物质量浓度应保持在COD/TN0.5.     

不同活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法优化

活性污泥胞外聚合物( extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)是污水生物处理过程中污泥结构、脱水性能、絮凝性能以及沉降性能的重要决定因素,而提取方法不同EPS的剥离程度存在很大的差别.因此EPS提取方法的建立至关重要.采用6种方法提取不同污泥EPS,分析了不同污泥每g干污泥中分层EPS的质量及组成,并考察了污泥粒径及脱水性能与污泥EPS的关系.结果表明：不同工艺不同污泥每g干污泥中EPS质量不同;甲醛+NaOH法提取EPS效率高且对细胞破坏程度小,试验中不同污泥EPS提取量为15.88~39.30 mg;每g干污泥中黏液层EPS质量越高,蛋白质与多糖质量浓度之比越大,污泥脱水性能越差;污泥EPS的提取效率与污泥粒径存在一定的相关性,污泥粒径越大,提取效率越高.     

发酵种泥的投加对新鲜剩余污泥发酵产酸的影响

为进一步提高剩余污泥厌氧发酵产短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的效率,将p H=10下长期(90 d)厌氧发酵的种泥接入至新鲜剩余污泥考察其对新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响.实验在2种p H条件下进行:不控制p H(p H=7.4±0.2),一组反应器中投加新鲜剩余污泥,并接种厌氧发酵种泥,另一组反应器只投加新鲜剩余污泥;控制p H为碱性(p H=10±0.2),一组反应器中投加新鲜剩余污泥,并接种厌氧发酵种泥,另一组反应器只投加新鲜剩余污泥.结果表明:相同p H条件下,接种厌氧发酵种泥反应器中的最大产酸量较不接种分别提高4.9(p H=7.4±0.2)和16.4 mg/g VSS(以COD计)(p H=10±0.2);同时接种发酵污泥、剩余污泥在p H=10±0.2下的最大产酸量较p H=7.4±0.2下的最大产酸量高146.2 mg/g VSS;碱性条件、不接种发酵种泥的产酸量较不控制p H、接种发酵种泥的高129.8 mg/g VSS.投加发酵种泥可提高新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵过程中SCFAs的产生效率;碱性条件与厌氧发酵种泥对新鲜剩余污泥发酵产酸具有协同促进作用;与接种发酵种泥相比,碱性条件对新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸促进能力高.     

Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized in activated sludge using three carbon sources

Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) were synthesized in activated sludge using three types of carbon sources (sodium acetate,sodium propionate and sodium butyrate), and their characterization were studied. It was shown that the content of PHA synthesized by microorganisms in activated sludge were different. The biggest synthetic amount up to 36.7% of VSS was obtained when sodium acetate was used as carbon source. The polymer yield was lower when using sodium propionate as the carbon source than when using others, with 25.1% of VSS, while resulted in an increase of hydroxyvalerate(HV) units produced. The structure and thermal properties of extracted biopolymers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and themo-gravimetry (TG).     

不同厌氧方式对连续流亚硝化恢复的影响

为探究不同厌氧运行方式对亚硝化恢复的影响,在常温(20±2)℃下,采用两组两级连续搅拌反应器(CSTR)1#和2#,实验分为S1、S2和S3三个阶段.在S1阶段1#采用厌氧/厌氧运行(两级DO均为0~0.1 mg/L),2#采用厌氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0~0.1和0.6~0.8 mg/L);在S2阶段1#转变为好氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0.2~0.4和0.6~0.8 mg/L),2#保持厌氧/好氧不变(两级DO分别为0~0.1和0.6~0.8 mg/L);在S3阶段,研究恢复后亚硝化的稳定性,此时1#、2#两级DO均为1.0~1.2 mg/L.分别对此过程中亚硝化的恢复时间以及恢复后稳定性进行比较.结果表明,1#的恢复时间比2#缩短了12 d,但当溶解氧增加到1.0~1.2 mg/L时,2#恢复后的亚硝化更稳定.先厌氧/厌氧(两级DO均为0~0.1 mg/L)后好氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0.2~0.4和0.6~0.8 mg/L),有利于亚硝化的快速恢复,恢复后转变为厌氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0~0.1和0.6~0.8 mg/L)有助于亚硝化的长期稳定运行.     

Characteristics of coal sludge slurry prepared by a wet-grinding process

Coal sludge slurry(CSS) is an alternative fuel and a potential competitive method for sludge reduction.Based on the researches of coal water slurry, we studied CSSs by using a wet-grinding process with different types of regional municipal sludge(sludge) in an orthogonal experiment. The sludge type,sludge mixing proportion, dosage of dispersant, and grinding time were tested in this study. The results show that water content and its occurrence characteristics in the sludge have primary hindering influences on slurry ability. The range of fixed-viscosity concentrations with raw wet sludge is from 50.78%to 44.40%(by weight), while the range is from 53.35% to 51.51%(by weight) with dry sludge. All of the CSSs exhibit shear-thinning behaviors with different variation trends, especially the CSSs with more than 15%(by weight) raw wet sludge in it. Adding the same proportion of raw wet sludge increases the thixotropic properties of CSSs and the highest area of thixotropy loop is 3065 Pa/s, while the highest value of dry sludge is 1798 Pa/s. Hydrophilic group plays an important role in adsorbing water and building three-dimension networks with other particles, which is the main reason for CSS properties.Therefore, the mechanism can be used to find the way for making high quality CSS.     

ABR处理农村生活污水填料选择的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理农村生活污水,并选择出适合农村生活污水处理的ABR填料。以立体弹性填料、纤维球填料和鲍尔环填料作为ABR填料,以无填料ABR为对照实验装置,考察了填料对ABR处理效果和生物相的影响,并对各填料ABR工程造价进行了分析。研究结果表明:装填立体弹性填料、纤维球填料和鲍尔环填料后,ABR对COD、SCOD和SS的去除率均有一定程度的提高;装填填料ABR中微生物种类和数量均多于无填料ABR;立体弹性填料的造价分别约为纤维球填料和鲍尔环填料的1/8和1/15。因此,立体弹性填料最适合作为ABR处理农村生活污水用填料,装置稳定后,出水COD、SCOD和SS的平均浓度分别为87.42、49.61和13.20 mg/L,平均去除率分别为59.04%、60.05%和84.12%。