变换反应的数值计算及模拟分析

介绍变换工艺操作条件控制的重要性,提出了通过对化学平衡常数Kp,平衡变换率Xp的数值计算,得出变换反应最适宜温度Tm;通过对AspenPlus软件中RGibbs反应器的应用,对变换反应进行模拟,以优化生产工艺,为变换工艺操作条件的合理选取提供依据。     

逆流式冷却塔蒸发水量计算方法分析

对目前各种蒸发水量的计算方法进行了比较和分析,推荐了一种快捷、相对准确的计算方法,该方法计算简单方便,准确度较高,在项目前期阶段具有较实用的价值.同时指出应详细地收集项目所在区域的气温、湿度和气压资料,尽可能准确地计算全年蒸发水量,使得项目合理地配置空冷系统.     

哈萨克斯坦250km~3/d天然气凝液回收装置模拟优化设计

据哈萨克斯坦天然气气质的特点,提出采用膨胀制冷的深冷工艺回收天然气凝液的方案;并基于Aspen PLUS及EDR软件进行流程模拟及设备初选。模拟结果表明,该方案具有工艺简单、投资低、能耗低及收益高的优点。     

Electrochemical and quantum chemical study of purines as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution

The purines and its derivatives, such as, guanine, adenine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 6-thioguanine and 2,6-dithiopurine, were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by weight loss measurements, electrochemical tests and quantum chemical calculations. The polarization curves of mild steel in the hydrochloric acid solutions of the purines showed that both cathodic and anodic processes of steel corrosion were suppressed. The Nyquist plots of impedance expressed mainly as a depressed capacitive loop with different compounds and concentrations. For all these purines, the inhibition efficiency increased by increasing the inhibitor concentration, and the inhibition efficiency orders are 2,6-dithiopurine > 6-thioguanine > 2,6-diaminopurine > adenine > guanine with the highest inhibiting efficiency of 88.0% for 10⁻³ M 2,6-dithiopurine.The optimized structures of purines, the Mulliken charges, molecular orbital densities and relevant parameters were calculated by quantum chemical calculations. The quantum chemical calculation results inferred that the adsorption belong to physical adsorption, which might arise from the π stacking between the π electron of the purines and the metal surface.     

Identification of nutrients limiting cassava yield maintenance on a sedimentary soil in southern Benin,West Africa

Market opportunities will drive intensification of cassava production and fertilizer will play a role in this. A trial was initiated on 15 farmers fields (replications) in one village territory in Benin on a relatively fertile sedimentary soil site to identify nutrients limiting cassava yield using nutrient omission plots over three cropping years. There was no response to fertilizer in the first year when fresh root yields in the unamended control averaged 19.1 t ha^–1. In the second year, the control yield was 16 t ha^–1 and there were significant reductions from withholding P (3.5 t ha^–1) and K (2 t ha^–1) from a complete fertilizer regime. Nutrient balance after 1 and 2 years (cumulative) showed substantial P and K deficits in unamended plots. In the third year, the control yield was 12.9 t ha^–1 and effects of withholding K (5.3 t ha^–1), P (5.0 t ha^–1) and N (3.0 t ha^–1) were statistically significant. Soil K was a significant source of variation in yield in the third year. In the third year of annual nutrient additions soil P and K in the top 0.3 m were increased by 37 and 40%, respectively. Based on the cumulative nutrient balance calculation, the annual application needed to compensate nutrient depletion was 13 kg N, 10 kg P, and 60 kg K ha^–1. Partial budget analysis based on these amounts of fertilizer suggested that investment was clearly justified in the third year of continuous cropping at current low cassava prices.     

大型循环水系统的优化设计与软件应用结合的探讨

随着石化行业循环水系统的发展越来越趋向大型化,以及供水点要求条件的差异化．循环水管网的优化设计、循环水泵的正确选择乃至整个循环水系统设计的合理性应引起重视。结合工程实例,论述了软件在优化循环水管网设计以及指导循环水系统选泵方面的重要意义,达到了扫除设计盲点的目的,使设计更加准确、经济、合理。     

对甲苯磺酸催化制备油酸异丙酯及动力学研究

油酸与异丙醇在对甲苯磺酸催化剂的作用下发生酯化反应制备油酸异丙酯,研究了催化剂用量、醇酸配比、反应时间、反应温度等对转化率的影响。结果表明,催化剂的量4%,醇酸体积比2.5∶1(摩尔比10.3∶1),反应温度75℃,反应时间5 h,酯化率达到91.8%。动力学计算表明,对甲苯磺酸催化制备油酸异丙酯的反应级数为1级,频率因子A=611.1,反应活化能为24.0 kJ/mol。     

燃气透平第一级冷却空气系统流体的动力特性

将燃气透平冷却空气系统模化为由大量不同通流单元以串连或并联方式组成的复杂网络系统,采用有向图的关联矩阵描述了该复杂网络的结构特征;选用适当的试验关联式计算空气流经各通流单元的压力损失与换热量,并建立了冷却空气流动与换热特性的流量、压力和温度方程组;采用逐步简化冷却空气网络系统的方式,求解冷却空气系统内流量的分配;采用以改进并修正的高斯消去法为基础的一种稳定的大型稀疏矩阵线性方程组来求解冷却空气系统内空气的压力与温度分布;在此基础上,编制出冷却空气系统流动特性的通用计算程序,并对某燃气透平第一级冷却空气系统特性进行了计算与分析,结果表明:第一级静叶与动叶的冷却空气消耗量分别占空气流量的3.97%和2.88%,与文献报道的同类型机组(西门子V94.3)的数值接近.     

天然气压气站内腐蚀挂片监测管道内腐蚀

使用腐蚀挂片可以对管道内腐蚀进行较为全面和准确的监测.本文基于腐蚀挂片在天然气压气站管道的内腐蚀监测应用,详细地介绍了腐蚀挂片的类型、结构、选用、使用步骤和腐蚀速率的计算.     

端焊式套管换热器的强度计算及稳定性校核

运用材料力学理论,给出了端焊式套管换热器的计算方法,包括考虑热应力时内管、外管的轴向应力计算。根据应力性质,确定了轴向应力的强度及稳定性控制条件,并通过有限元算例验证了理论公式的正确性。