Citizens' views on the practices of zero-grazing and cow-calf separation in the dairy industry: Does providing information increase acceptability?

The primary aim of this study was to assess the influence of provision of information on lay citizens' opinions regarding 2 common management practices, zero-grazing and cow-calf separation. To aid in the interpretation of the findings, our secondary aim was to explore the awareness and opinions of Brazilian citizens about these practices. We surveyed a convenience sample of Brazilian citizens (192 men and 208 women), recruited in a public place, with the majority stating that they were largely unfamiliar with animal production and lived in urban environments. Participants were presented short scenarios with information on the primary production factors and welfare concerns for and against zero-grazing (n = 200) or cow-calf separation (n = 200). Participants were then asked to state their position (reject, indifferent, or support), and to provide the reason(s) justifying their position. Immediately following, participants were provided a short statement describing either zero-grazing or cow-calf separation, depending on what question they responded to in the first part. Two closed questions (Q) followed each of these statements: (Q1) “Are you aware of this practice?” with choices yes, somewhat, or no, and (Q2) “What is your position regarding this practice?” with choices reject, indifferent, or support. Only 31 and 33% of the respondents were aware of zero-grazing and cow-calf separation, respectively. Previous awareness of existence of practice did not influence levels of support. Provision of information resulted in more people rejecting the practices of zero-grazing and cow-calf separation. Participants' main justifications to reject zero-grazing and cow-calf separation focused on perceived negative effects of practices on farm animal welfare and product quality, and loss of naturalness. Survey participants, Brazilians living in urban environments, with little or no association with dairy production, were generally unaware that many cows do not have access to pasture and that cows are separated from their calf at birth. Independent of provision of additional information, most participants did not support these practices. Provision of brief explanatory information played a minor role in influencing people's views, but failed to result in general acceptance.     

一种新型结构脂理化性质与功能特性的比较研究

本文研究了一种新型LSL型结构脂。通过理化性能评价发现,这种新型结构脂在外观、酸价、皂化价和折光指数等指标上与其长链脂肪酸的酰基供体油大豆油的相关指标十分接近,但烟点比大豆油低,新型结构脂分子量较小而具有更低的熔点。由此可见,新型结构脂可对普通食用油脂进行全替代使用。随后通过餐后血脂实验和动物成长实验对新型结构脂进行了功能性评价。结果发现,新型结构脂可使小鼠的餐后血液甘油三酯水平降低。在动物成长实验中,对小鼠饲喂第6周时,发现高剂量新型结构脂组的小鼠平均体重低于猪油组,血脂分析结果显示新型结构脂组小鼠的血液总胆固醇浓度具有降低的趋势。肝脏病理学切片观察发现,中剂量和高剂量新型结构脂组小鼠的肝脏中脂肪滴的数量和大小都会相对减少。以上结果说明新型结构脂具有控制血脂升高,防止脂肪积累的功能,并具有完全替代普通油脂使用的潜力。     

葛根复合固体饮料保护化学性肝损伤的研究

以葛根、山楂、酸刺、黄秋葵、干姜、玉米肽和结晶果糖为原料制备的固体饮料为受试物,研究其对Wistar大鼠CCl4所致化学性肝损伤的辅助保护作用。将Wistar大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、模型对照组和3个剂量的试验组,分别灌胃蒸馏水或1.08,2.17,4.33g/kg bw的受试物。连续30d后,给除阴性对照组外大鼠灌胃CCl4,成功建立化学性肝损伤模型,并测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)值,取肝脏称重并作病理切片,计算肝脏系数及观察肝脏的病理改变情况。相对于模型对照组大鼠,3个试验组大鼠在灌胃CCl4后,其ALT、AST水平及肝脏系数明显较低,肝组织病理改变也呈不同程度的减轻,其中以高剂量试验组的效果最为显著。因此,该受试物具有良好的辅助保护化学性肝损伤的功能。     

生物矿化在环境保护方面的应用

对生物矿化法固结重金属的研究进行了综合评述.首先对生物矿化机理及过程进行了阐述,接着介绍了细菌、真菌、藻类、动植物等常见的具备矿化能力的生物,以及影响生物矿化的各种因素,最后对生物矿化法在水处理及土壤修复当中的研究进行了介绍.文中对生物矿化法应用于实际所面临的问题以及生物矿化法的可能应用方向进行了探讨.     

Biocompatibility,Biodistribution, and Drug‐Delivery Efficiency of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy in Animals

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are a promising material for drug delivery. In this Full Paper, MSNs are first shown to be well tolerated, as demonstrated by serological, hematological, and histopathological examinations of blood samples and mouse tissues after MSN injection. Biodistribution studies using human cancer xenografts are carried out with in vivo imaging and fluorescent microscopy imaging, as well as with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The results show that MSNs preferentially accumulate in tumors. Finally, the drug‐delivery capability of MSNs is demonstrated by following tumor growth in mice treated with camptothecin‐loaded MSNs. These results indicate that MSNs are biocompatible, preferentially accumulate in tumors, and effectively deliver drugs to the tumors and suppress tumor growth.     

乳制品中动物胶原水解蛋白测定方法研究

目的:本文建立乳制品中皮革水解蛋白含量的测定方法。方法:采用比色法定量检测乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白,先测得羟脯氨酸的质量浓度,再由测得的羟脯氨酸换算出乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白的含量。结果:比色法测定乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白,回归方程y=6.628x-0.1237,r=0.9994,回收率均值为109.2%,RSD为4.0%。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、重现性好,适用于乳制品中添加的动物胶原水解蛋白含量的测定。     

长寿老人源双歧杆菌发酵雪莲果饮料的研制

以长寿老人源动物双歧杆菌01(Bifidobacterium animalis 01)发酵雪莲果汁,研制一种新型双歧杆菌活菌饮料。先以活菌数为响应值进行单因素试验,筛选出3 个具有显著影响效应的因素——果汁体积分数、赖氨酸添加量、抗坏血酸(VC)添加量,并确定了各因素最大响应区间。然后采用响应曲面法旋转中心组合设计(CCD),Design expert 7.0 软件进行数据分析,建立二次线性回归方程,得到最佳配方为雪莲果汁体积分数50%、赖氨酸添加量0.22%、VC 添加量0.21%。终产品感官品质良好,活菌数对数值高达到(8.23 ± 0.09)lg(CFU/mL),在4℃条件下贮藏12d 活菌数保持在106CFU/mL 以上。     

实验动物设施内换气次数的影响因素分析研究

从污染控制和节能的角度出发,以氨气作为主要污染物指标,着重探讨了实验动物设施内影响换气次数指标选取的相关因素.在此基础上,就如何合理设计实验动物设施换气次数提出相关建议,以供同行参考.     

Equilibrium isotherms modeling of crude oil sorption from aqua mixture onto Codiaeum variegatum stem powder

Codiaeum variegatum stem powder (CVSP) was used as a low cost, readily available and biodegradable sorbent for decontamination of crude oil from aqueous solution. CVSP was characterized by the FTIR, SEM and BET techniques. The physical characterization of the crude oil showed light crude. Equilibrium isotherm of crude oil uptake was analyzed by the Langmuir, Feundlich, Tempkin, Flory-Huggins and Scatchard models. The Langmuir isotherm gave best fit with regression of 0.995 indicating a homogenous CVSP surface involving monolayer sorption of crude oil, supported by the Scatchard model analysis. The maximum monolayer uptake capacity of CVSP for crude oil was established and compared to other reported sorbents.