承压水体上开采底板岩层破断及渗流特征

以山西某煤矿承压水体上下组煤开采为工程背景,通过对煤层底板岩石进行全应力-应变渗透性试验及单裂隙渗透性试验,揭示了岩石应力-渗流耦合机理,获得了断裂面渗透系数的定量关系式;采用离散元流固耦合模拟方法,对承压水体上煤层开采底板岩层的应力状态及渗流特征进行模拟分析.结果表明:底板岩层"四带"中的渗透性均与水平应力密切相关,其中:直接底板受工作面矿压影响严重,岩层中的水平应力杂乱无章,破坏带厚度约13m;奥灰含水层顶部岩层为低围压区,容易形成奥灰水楔劈裂导升机理,导升带厚度为17m左右;底板中部层位受采动矿压及底板承压水直接影响相对较小,此带中水平应力自上而下呈递增状态,有效隔水层带厚度38m,是底板的关键阻水层.     

深基坑工程监测分析方法

在深基坑的开挖过程中,对基坑支护结构、基坑周围的土体和相邻的构筑物及周边环境进行综合、系统的监测分析,才能对工程情况有深入的了解,确保工程顺利进行.结合立丰购物广场基坑监测的工程实际,针对围护结构的水平位移、地表和地下管线及建筑物沉降、建筑物裂缝的开展情况、地下水位和基坑环境等进行了监测,并依据监测数据对该工程做出了安全性评价.指出了深基坑工程监测中需注意的两个问题并提出了改进意见.     

深井降水技术在火力发电厂复杂地质工程中的应用

文章介绍了深井降水技术在安庆发电厂复杂地质条件下的应用,分析了在复杂地质条件下大面积深基坑降水的工程经验,总结得出降水场地的地质条件决定了降水方案的选择,并结合主厂房深基坑降水的施工过程,对深井降水技术做进一步的阐述及探讨,为类似深基坑降水施工提供经验和技术依据.     

褐煤提质技术的应用现状及前景

褐煤提质技术分为脱水提质、成型提质、热解提质3类。介绍了国内外典型褐煤提质技术的应用情况,以及开发褐煤提质所面临的技术、市场、政策等方面的风险。对我国褐煤提质技术的发展和应用前景进行了分析,认为褐煤提质是其作为发电用煤的重要环节,应细分提质褐煤的应用市场,提高其经济价值。     

煤层顶板钻孔疏放水技术优化

为解决对疏放工程优化布置、疏放效果评价等缺乏深入研究造成的顶板含水层过度疏放或者疏放不足等问题,以柠条塔煤矿S 1200-3工作面为研究对象,进行钻孔疏放水优化.针对以往工作面疏放水存在的问题,在明确含水层水文地质特征及矿井涌水量影响因素后,实施井下疏放水试验,分析疏放水效果定量化指标,并在此基础上进行煤层顶板水疏放效...     

阳离子聚电解质PAK－1的合成及其应用研究

以四乙烯五胺、环氧氯丙烷为主要原料，合成了一种阳离子聚电解质ＰＡＫ－１，并在实验室真空过滤脱水装置上，对阳离子聚电解质ＰＡＫ－１和其它聚电解质应用于细粒煤的过滤脱水过程进行了试验研究。研究的主要变量有：聚电解质的种类添加量、添加方式以及细粒煤浆的ｐＨ值等。     

地裂缝分类及地面沉降区构造地裂缝防治对策

地裂缝类型多样,灾害严重。根据主导因素及动力类型,将地裂缝分为构造地裂缝和非构造地裂缝两大类和16个类别; 基于地裂缝的工程地质特征、水文地质特征和活动特征,认为地面沉降区构造地裂缝发生超常活动的本质原因是地裂缝错断了含水层,在过量抽取地下水时地裂缝两侧形成明显的水头差,产生不均匀压缩,从而导致地表发生较大的差异沉降; 提出了采用定向钻井打通被错断含水层以实现地裂缝两侧水位自然平衡的地面沉降区构造地裂缝防控方法——通水调压控裂法(CABHP),该方法可以有效控制地面沉降区的构造地裂缝活动,避免大量土地资源浪费和灾害损失。     

Electrode surface treatments in sludge electro-osmosis dewatering

The sewage sludge dewatering produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a multifaceted process due to the presence of colloid fractions. Electro-osmosis could be a suitable technique to reduce the water content of the final sludge. Electric fields of 10, 15, and 20?V/cm have been studied for electro-osmosis tests under the pressure of a static or rotating piston, obtaining a dry solids content up to 40–45%, with respect to 25–30% obtained by mechanical methods. In order to optimize the process, the corrosion behavior and the wear of the anodic material appear to be the main critical aspects, due to the high circulating current density and the use of a rotating electrode. We compared the efficiency and the corrosion resistance of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) with respect to bare stainless steel (AISI 304) and stainless steel coated by PVD technique with TiN, AlTiN, and DLC. Characterization of the anode surfaces by SEM and potentiodynamic tests show that DSA is the most suitable material for our application. However, efficiencies of the electro-osmosis processes have been found comparable, in terms of developed current densities and total energy consumptions, for short-test duration.     

Sludge Dewatering and Aggregate Formation Effects through Taylor Vortex Assisted Flocculation

Abstract

For polymer induced flocculation processes, the effects of flow patterns in a gap of a conical stirrer on aggregate formation and subsequent sludge dewatering efficiency were analysed. Different flow regimes were identified by lab scale investigations with model substances and summarized in a Ta and Re number plane. An enhancement of sludge dewaterability for polymer induced flocculation processes was identified through post‐treatment of flocculated sludge aggregates by the specific flow pattern of stable and wavy Taylor vortices. Photo‐optical image analysis of flocculated aggregates shows a clear change of aggregate size distribution with less small particles during aggregate forming by Taylor vortices compared to classical flocculation procedure by stirrer. Results from technical scale dewatering analyses confirmed enhancement of sludge dewatering efficiency for six different dewatering machines using the identified wavy and stable Taylor vortex flow pattern regime.     

气井涡流排水采气新技术及其应用

涡流排水采气技术是一项由中国石油天然气集团公司于2011年率先引进的排水采气新技术，既可应用于气井井下，也可应用于地面集输系统。为此，在论述了气井井下涡流排水采气的工艺原理、技术优点，工具组成、下入操作程序的基础上，总结了该技术在松辽盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地所取得的主要成果、经验与认识，并进一步提出了深入进行科研、试验与攻关的可行性建议。结论认为：应在总结升1-1、苏36-4-3等井试验经验的基础上，针对我国有水气田开发的实际情况，加强涡流排水采气工艺的适应性、影响因素及关键技术的研究，並从选井原则的合理确定、优化设计与座封方式、优化组合等方面入手，学习国外成功经验，进一步加快该项工艺技术在我国的推广应用步伐。