新型助滤剂的合成和对细粒煤助滤的应用研究

以实验室自制辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯(AOP)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,过硫酸盐氧化还原体系为引发剂,采用水溶液共聚法合成同时具有表面活性和絮凝作用的新型共聚物PAAA。研究了合成条件对产品助滤、脱水效果的影响。得到了合成助滤剂的最佳反应条件:单体质量分数10%,溶液pH值6.0,引发剂质量分数0.1%,温度60℃,所得助滤剂能有效地提高细煤的过滤速度和降低滤饼含水质量分数。助滤剂在真空度为0.05 MPa时可将细粒煤滤饼含水质量分数从35.51%降至21.7%,过滤速度从0.229 L/(m2.s)提高到0.474 L/(m2.s)。     

蒙东褐煤脱水改质的孔隙特性研究

对蒙东褐煤及其灰分在一定温度和压力下进行脱水,利用扫描电子显微镜、低温氮吸附法研究脱水前后褐煤的表面特性及煤样和灰样的孔隙特性.结果表明:褐煤的脱水率达到70%以上,脱水后煤样的空干基低位发热量增加10%以上,且热压后褐煤的外表面相对光滑.由吸附脱附等温线表明,30 MPa热压后褐煤的孔隙特性和回水性能无明显变化.50 MPa热压后褐煤的比表面积和总孔体积均减小,吸水回潮能力减弱,回水率仅为58.7%.与印尼褐煤相比,蒙东褐煤受热压压力的影响不明显,灰分会抑制热压过程中煤样孔隙结构的变化,影响热压脱水的效果.     

以颗粒煤为助滤剂对城市污泥进行二段过滤脱水的研究

以颗粒煤为助滤剂,采用二段过滤方式来强化城市污泥的脱水,并对滤饼进行热值分析,探讨城市污泥资源化利用前景.在研究中,具体分析探讨了煤的类型、煤的添加比、煤的粒径、搅拌强度、过滤压力以及煤的添加方式对过滤过程中相关参数的影响.得到以下结论:在污泥和煤的添加比为1:2,颗粒煤粒度为0.15～0.18 mm,低强度搅拌,常温...     

宁夏宁东煤田积家井矿区水文地质特征

为了了解宁夏宁东煤田积家井矿区水文地质特征及评价该区煤炭资源的开发地质条件,详细分析了矿区含水层组,隔水层组,构造与富水性关系以及地下水补给径流排泄条件。研究认为该区含水层组主要包括第四系及古近系松散层孔隙潜水含水层组、风化岩裂隙含水层组、侏罗系中统直罗组孔裂隙承压含水层组、侏罗系中统延安组砂岩含水层组;隔水层组包括第四系及古近系隔水层组、侏罗系中统安定组及直罗组上部泥岩隔水层组、侏罗系中统延安组泥岩隔水层组。基岩承压地下水的富水性往往与地质构造关系密切,高角度逆冲断层容易成为导水构造。地下水的运移方向和垂向蒸发或渗透是地下水补给径流排泄的主要因素。     

不锈钢冷轧废水站污泥脱水系统

介绍了采用板框压滤机处理不锈钢冷轧废水重金属污泥的工艺。设计泥量(以干污泥计)24 t/d,各水处理子系统的污泥,主要以含酸废水处理系统的污泥为主,泵入污泥浓缩池浓缩后,含固率8%～10%的污泥通过变频器控制的偏心单螺杆泵输送至板框压滤机。经过板框压滤机脱水后的泥饼含固率要求大于35%。系统自2007年9月初调试正常以来,运行良好,泥饼含固率稳定在35%以上。     

褐煤脱水改质技术

介绍了褐煤的性质及褐煤直接发电利用过程中存在的问题,阐述了国内外褐煤脱水、改质及干燥技术的特点。振动床褐煤干燥技术处理量大,干燥效果好,过程易控,是最适合中国褐煤提质的工艺技术。     

Bound water content of biological sludges in relation to filtration and dewatering

This paper presents the results of an extensive analytical investigation on the mechanisms involved in filtration of biological sludges by studying the changes in the “bound water” content of activated and mixed digested sludges when they were subjected to several physical, and chemical processes. A new method for determining bound water in sludges, based on differential thermal analysis (DTA), was developed which proved reliable and fast. Water in sludges exist in two states, as “free” or bulk water and as “bound” water which is held by the solid state either by sorption on specific sites, i.e. functional groups of the proteins and other macromolecules and/or restricted within pores and capillaries. Water binding by sludge displayed similar behaviour to the absorption of ions.All chemical coagulants (FeCl₃, AlCl₃, FeSO₄) and cationic polyelectrolytes resulted in a reduction of the specific resistance and the bound water content of the sludge which was due to the replacement of water molecules by the adsorbed coagulant. Heat treatment of activated and digested sludge at 130°C resulted in a reduction of bound water by 30% whereas freezing and thawing reduced bound water by 70%.     

利用正交试验设计法对污泥脱水性能的研究

影响污泥脱水性能的因素多而复杂，正交试验设计方法可以简便、有效地解决各因素对污泥脱水性能影响达到最佳组合，为生产提供可靠的运行参数．     

深井降水在某高层住宅工程中的运用

结合西安吐哈石油职工高层住宅楼工程实例,详细地介绍了深井降水施工技术措施,并提出了施工安全措施及施工注意事项,以提高人们对深井降水的认识,完善深井降水施工工艺,从而推广深井降水工艺的应用。     

Determining actual LNAPL plume thickness: review and case study in a fractured aquifer

Determining the thickness of a LNAPL (light non-aqueous phase liquid) hydrocarbon plume in the fractured rock surrounding a borehole is a very important aspect in determining the quantity and degree of contamination of the groundwater and soil, as well as deciding on applicable remediation measures. This review aims to compare some of the field and empirical methods to eventually propose a method of confirming the plausibility of the determined thickness. General insight is supplied relating to the occurrence of groundwater in the Earth’s crust, the basic principles of multiphase flow and the properties of the three fluids of importance, being water, Jet A-1 fuel and air. From the methods applied, the field bail-down method of Hughes et al. and the mathematical approach according to CONCAWE supplied reasonable results, with the Zillox and Muntzer equation providing no rational outcome due to changing water levels from regular bailing of the LNAPL. Furthermore, practically none of these methods have been developed for deep, fractured aquifers. By plotting regular depths to water and fuel on the abscissa axis with free product thickness on the ordinate, the depth to water and depth to fuel linear plots will intersect where the free product thickness equals zero. This indicates the static water level (i.e., the ground water level prior to hydrocarbon contamination) and by subtracting this from the free product depth, a maximum product thickness is obtained.