漳河水库入库径流序列变化趋势分析

依据漳河水库1963-2008年入库径流资料,采用R/S分析方法和M ann-Kendall参数秩次相关检验法对其未来入库径流变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:①水库流域未来径流量将呈缓慢下降的趋势,且未来1月和7月的径流量变化趋势的随机性成份可能很大,应采取必要对策和措施,以应对未来可能出现的干旱或暴雨洪涝等自然灾害。②1995年为突变点,前后两个系列的统计特征值均具有明显的差异,已经不符合"一致性"的要求。③对于20世纪70~80年代的持续枯水期,应理解为这只是其径流丰枯周期变化中的一个枯水期。④流域人类活动日趋频繁,使得流域下垫面条件发生了较大的变化,对入库径流量有较大的影响。     

利用DCS实现风阀电动执行器的开关量控制

简述了退火窑电动执行器的控制原理,通过分析电动执行器的故障特点,介绍了越于西门予S7-400H系统对执行器的改造方案,并重点叙述了该系统的硬件结构和控制程序的组态与设计等。     

A general topology-based framework for adaptive insertion of cohesive elements in finite element meshes

Large-scale simulation of separation phenomena in solids such as fracture, branching, and fragmentation requires a scalable data structure representation of the evolving model. Modeling of such phenomena can be successfully accomplished by means of cohesive models of fracture, which are versatile and effective tools for computational analysis. A common approach to insert cohesive elements in finite element meshes consists of adding discrete special interfaces (cohesive elements) between bulk elements. The insertion of cohesive elements along bulk element interfaces for fragmentation simulation imposes changes in the topology of the mesh. This paper presents a unified topology-based framework for supporting adaptive fragmentation simulations, being able to handle two- and three-dimensional models, with finite elements of any order. We represent the finite element model using a compact and “complete” topological data structure, which is capable of retrieving all adjacency relationships needed for the simulation. Moreover, we introduce a new topology-based algorithm that systematically classifies fractured facets (i.e., facets along which fracture has occurred). The algorithm follows a set of procedures that consistently perform all the topological changes needed to update the model. The proposed topology-based framework is general and ensures that the model representation remains always valid during fragmentation, even when very complex crack patterns are involved. The framework correctness and efficiency are illustrated by arbitrary insertion of cohesive elements in various finite element meshes of self-similar geometries, including both two- and three-dimensional models. These computational tests clearly show linear scaling in time, which is a key feature of the present data-structure representation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is also demonstrated by dynamic fracture analysis through finite element simulations of actual engineering problems.

Photoshop创建选区的方法与技巧

创建选区是Photoshop中最基本,也是最重要的技法之一。该文归纳了Photoshop中选区的多种方法和思路,阐明了各种方法的优势和特点,探讨如何综合运用各种工具和命令,充分发挥各工具特点,从而快速精确的建立选区。     

通风网络区域划分算法与程序实现

通风网络风道之间的风量依从关系对于通风网络的合理性分析具有重要意义。对于任意复杂的通风网络系统,有时很难从图形上直接判断出任意2条风道之间的风量依从关系。文章提出了通风网络任意风道影响区和依赖区的概念,指出其可用于任意风道之间的风量依从关系的分析;介绍了通风网络各风道依赖区、影响区划分方法以及任意风道之间归属度和依赖度计算方法,并采用C#语言编制了程序;最后用实例验证了文中所论及算法的正确性。     

基于工业控制机的黄磷炉电极控制

本文设计采用工业控制机配以相应的板卡为硬件,Visual Basic和SQL SERVER 2000数据库软件作为编程的基础,运用带死区的PD和PID分离的算法,控制黄磷炉的电极,相对于现有的手动操作黄磷炉电极的生产方式,具有良好的人机交互能力,提高了生产效率和降低了生产能耗。     

多元线性回归分析在机组发电耗水率中的应用

多元线性回归分析是一个有广泛适用性的多元统计分析方法。本文利用葛洲坝发电站的部分数据,对葛洲坝发电站一段时间内的库水位、出库流量及其对应的机组耗水率利用多元线性回归进行建模分析。显然,对这个问题的深入研究,可以有效地认识各种因素对机组发电耗水率的影响程度,从而可以更好地对机组发电耗水率进行预测。     

Adaptive neural dynamic surface control for servo systems with unknown dead-zone

An adaptive neural controller is proposed for nonlinear systems with a nonlinear dead-zone and multiple time-delays. The often used inverse model compensation approach is avoided by representing the dead-zone as a time-varying system. The “explosion of complexity” in the backstepping synthesis is eliminated in terms of the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique. A novel high-order neural network (HONN) with only a scalar weight parameter is developed to account for unknown nonlinearities. The control singularity and some restrictive requirements on the system are circumvented. Simulations and experiments for a turntable servo system with permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are provided to verify the reliability and effectiveness.     

一种实时可靠的移动无线传感器网络贪婪地理路由协议

随着定位装置和定位算法的成熟,基于地理位置信息的贪婪地理路由协议受到广泛的关注与研究.但是,在移动无线传感器网络贪婪地理路由协议中,周期性信标交换条件下采用贪婪转发策略会引起通信暂盲现象,造成数据的丢失.基于右手法则的面遍历算法,对路由空洞的形状不能进行感知,数据转发具有很大的盲目性,转发路径有时比最优路径长很多,造成数据传输时延的增加.针对上述问题提出一种实时可靠的QoS贪婪地理路由协议,该协议通过自适应信标交换算法、基于过渡带思想的贪婪转发策略和基于路标迭代提取和剔除的自适应空洞处理算法,使得数据分组能够实时可靠地传输.NS-2仿真结果表明该协议在不增加控制开销的情况下,能够有效减缓通信暂盲现象,高效地处理路由空洞问题,大大提高协议的实时性和可靠性,可应用于对实时性和可靠性有一定要求的大规模移动无线传感网络.     

一种基于死区离散趋近律的准滑模控制

针对受正弦信号干扰的不确定离散时间系统,提出一种基于死区离散趋近律的准滑模控制方法. 系统能够由任一初始状态向死区作单调趋近运动,并于有限时间到达准滑动模态区作准滑动模态运动. 准滑动模态带具有任意阶次小的特点.该方法进一步增强了系统鲁棒性,有效改善系统动态品质,减小了稳态误差.系统无 控制抖振和稳态抖振产生.仿真结果表明该方法的有效性.