煤中砷在洗选过程中的迁移行为和分配特征

选择焦作两选煤厂的原煤及其洗选产品和洗煤水作为研究对象,探讨煤中砷在洗选过程中的迁移行为和分配特征.结果表明,焦作原煤中砷含量较高;在所有洗选产品中,精煤中砷的含量都得到不同程度的去除,平均脱除率为54.97%,最高脱除率高达73.19%,而洗选副产品洗矸石和煤泥中砷含量均相对富集,其富集率的平均值分别为196.29%和64.67%;两选煤厂含砷量最低的洗煤水其砷含量为0.76×10-6,仍超过了国家规定的排放标准,因此对于煤泥的的利用和洗煤水的排放需要加以关注.     

氢化物发生电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定钢中微量砷

该文研究氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定非合金钢(碳素钢)和低合金钢中微量砷的分析方法,考察高频功率、雾化压力、辅助气流量、泵速等仪器工作条件与消解用酸及用量、硼氢化钠浓度对光谱强度的影响,并讨论王水、铁基体、共存离子对测定结果的背景干扰与消除方法.确定的最佳工作条件为:高频功率为1350 W,雾化压力为22...     

湿法磷酸净化脱砷的研究现状

随着食品、医药及电子行业的不断发展,磷酸及磷酸盐的市场需求量不断增大,并且对磷酸的品质要求也越来越高,尤其是对湿法磷酸中砷杂质的要求,湿法磷酸中砷的含量将直接影响其在磷精细化工领域的应用,因此湿法磷酸中砷的高效、安全去除是亟待解决的一大难题。本文主要对湿法净化磷酸脱砷技术的研究情况进行综述,比较了几种湿法净化磷酸脱砷工艺的优缺点,介绍了较常见的化学沉淀法、结晶法,以及新兴的电沉积法、垂直区域熔融法和微反应器脱砷工艺的应用前景,并指出这些新兴的脱砷工艺将成为今后湿法磷酸的净化脱砷的发展方向,如能解决将这些脱砷工艺在实际中的问题,将会对磷酸工业的发展提供一个更有力的支持。     

Genetic Carriers and Genomic Distribution of cadA6—A Novel Variant of a Cadmium Resistance Determinant Identified in Listeria spp.

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen responsible for severe cases of food poisoning. Listeria spp. strains occurring in soil and water environments may serve as a reservoir of resistance determinants for pathogenic L. monocytogenes strains. A large collection of Listeria spp. strains (155) isolated from natural, agricultural, and urban areas was screened for resistance to heavy metals and metalloids, and the presence of resistance determinants and extrachromosomal replicons. Of the tested strains, 35% were resistant to cadmium and 17% to arsenic. Sequence analysis of resistance plasmids isolated from strains of Listeria seeligeri and Listeria ivanovii, and the chromosome of L. seeligeri strain Sr73, identified a novel variant of the cadAC cadmium resistance efflux system, cadA6, that was functional in L. monocytogenes cells. The cadA6 cassette was detected in four Listeria species, including strains of L. monocytogenes, isolated from various countries and sources—environmental, food-associated, and clinical samples. This resistance cassette is harbored by four novel composite or non-composite transposons, which increases its potential for horizontal transmission. Since some cadAC cassettes may influence virulence and biofilm formation, it is important to monitor their presence in Listeria spp. strains inhabiting different environments.     

DTRO膜和NF膜处理污酸废水研究

针对某冶炼厂污酸废水的水质特点,提出"预处理+膜处理"的工艺路线.重点研究了废水pH值对CO2除钙的影响、铝盐药剂种类和反应pH值对除砷、氟的影响,最后分别采用DTRO膜和NF膜对预处理后的废水进行分盐浓缩.试验结果表明:当废水pH值为9.0时,废水中ρ(Ca)最低为1.0 mg/L.当铝盐与氟砷摩尔比为1.3:1.0,反应pH值为6.0时,砷和氟的去除率分别为59.3%和88.0%.在7.5 MPa压力下,DTRO膜产水率高达88%,对各种盐分截留率均大于94.5%.而NF膜在4.0 MPa压力下,硫酸根离子和氯离子的分盐率在99%以上.     

沿海地区紫菜中总砷含量及砷形态分析

建立高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱(HPLC-HG-AFS)联用法分析紫菜中4种砷的形态。在优化仪器参数的基础上,采用正交试验法分析样品前处理中的酸浓度、萃取温度和超声时间对砷提取量的影响。当硝酸浓度0.15 mol/L、萃取温度80℃、超声时间1 h时,萃取效果最佳。对低、中、高3个水平进行方法验证,砷形态的回收率为84.0%~113.6%,精密度为1.3%~4.6%,结果显示,沿海地区的紫菜产品中总砷含量高,但有毒砷占比小。方法快速高效,可用于测定紫菜中砷形态的含量。     

聚硅酸氯化铝铁处理含砷废水的实验研究

对聚硅酸氯化铝铁混凝处理含砷废水进行了研究。考察了混凝剂用量,(Fe Al)/SiO2物质的量比,碱化度对除砷率的影响。实验结果表明(Fe Al)/SiO2=5∶1,B=0.1时,在pH值7.0,投加量为120 mg/L的条件下,聚硅酸氯化铝铁除砷率达90.5%。实际水样处理后的水质能够达到废水中砷的排放标准。并且通过红外光谱分析讨论了混凝除砷机理。     

GaAs核辐射探测器研制的初步结果

介绍了厚度为300～800μm,有效面积为50-113mm^2的高阻GaAs单晶材料制备的核辐射GaAs探测器的研制工艺,测试结果。     

湖南省某砷制品厂场址土壤修复治理工程及场地环境现状的调查

由于污染事故,某砷制品厂关闭,遗留下的污染源问题并未彻底消除,当年污染的场地也未进行风险管控或修复。因此开展本次场地环境现状调查,旨在为项目所在地下一步的环境修复或风险管控提供意见和参考。     

Contribution of water and cooked rice to an estimation of the dietary intake of inorganic arsenic in a rural village of West Bengal,India

Arsenic contamination of rice plants by arsenic-polluted irrigation groundwater could result in high arsenic concentrations in cooked rice. The main objective of the study was to estimate the total and inorganic arsenic intakes in a rural population of West Bengal, India, through both drinking water and cooked rice. Simulated cooking of rice with different levels of arsenic species in the cooking water was carried out. The presence of arsenic in the cooking water was provided by four arsenic species (arsenite, arsenate, methylarsonate or dimethylarsinate) and at three total arsenic concentrations (50,?250 or 500?µg?l^?1). The results show that the arsenic concentration in cooked rice is always higher than that in raw rice and range from 227 to 1642?µg?kg^?1. The cooking process did not change the arsenic speciation in rice. Cooked rice contributed a mean of 41% to the daily intake of inorganic arsenic. The daily inorganic arsenic intakes for water plus rice were 229, 1024 and 2000?µg?day^?1 for initial arsenic concentrations in the cooking water of 50, 250 and 500?µg?arsenic?l^?1, respectively, compared with the tolerable daily intake which is 150?µg?day^?1.