Stationary policies for lower bounds on the minimum average cost of discrete‐time nonlinear control systems

The paper deals with the control problem of discrete‐time nonlinear systems. The main contribution of this note is to present conditions that assure the existence of stationary policies that generate lower bounds for the minimal long‐run average cost. These lower bounds coincide with the optimal solution when a mild convergence assumption holds. To illustrate the results, the paper presents an application for the simultaneous state‐feedback control problem, and the derived strategy is used to design a real‐time simultaneous control for two direct current motor devices. The dynamics of these two devices are written in terms of a nonlinear algebraic matrix recurrence, which in turn represents a particular case for our general nonlinear approach. The optimal gain for the corresponding simultaneous state‐feedback problem is obtained, and such a gain was implemented in a laboratory testbed to control simultaneously the two direct current motors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asynchronous fault detection filter design approach for discrete‐time switched linear systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of the fault detection filter design for discrete‐time switched linear systems with average dwell‐time. The designed fault detection filters are also switched systems, which are assumed to be asynchronously switched with the original switched systems. Improved results on the weighted l₂ performance and the H _? performance are first given, and the multiple Lyaounov‐like functions during matched period and unmatched period for the running time of one subsystem are used. By the aid of multiple Lyapunov‐like functions combined with Projection Lemma, the FD filters are designed such that the augmented systems under asynchronous switching are exponentially stable, and the residual signal generated by the filters achieves the weighted l₂‐gain for disturbances and guarantees the H _? performance for faults. Sufficient conditions are formulated by linear matrix inequalities, and the filter gains are characterized in terms of the solution of a convex optimization problem. Finally, examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the stability issues of switched singular time‐delay systems with slow switching based on average dwell‐time

The issue of exponential stability analysis of continuous‐time switched singular systems consisting of a family of stable and unstable subsystems with time‐varying delay is investigated in this paper. It is very difficult to analyze the stability of such systems because of the existence of time‐delay and unstable subsystems. In this regard, on the basis of the free‐weighting matrix approach, by constructing the new Lyapunov‐like Krasovskii functional, and using the average dwell‐time approach, delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are derived and formulated in terms of LMIs to check the exponential stability of such systems. This paper also highlights the relationship between the average dwell‐time of the switched singular time‐delay system, its stability, exponential convergence rate of differential states, and algebraic states. Finally, a numerical example is given to confirm the analytical results and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Decentralized weighted control for a class of large‐scale systems with multi‐modes

In this paper, the control synthesis problem for a class of large‐scale systems with multi‐modes that are called large‐scale switched systems is addressed. By introducing the concept of decentralized switching signal and the relevant decentralized average dwell time, the asymptotic stability and weighted ?₂ gain performance are investigated. It should be noted that the decentralized switching covers general switching cases for large‐scale switched systems, namely, it admits both time‐dependent switching signal and arbitrary switching signal blended in the decentralized switching. Then, on the basis of the analysis results, the decentralized weighted control scheme including state feedback controller gains and switching signals is studied. Several design algorithms are proposed to meet different controller design problems. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate theoretical findings within this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fault detection for continuous‐time switched systems under asynchronous switching

In this paper, the problem of fault detection for continuous‐time switched systems under asynchronous switching is investigated. The designed fault detection filter is assumed to be asynchronous with the original systems. Attention is focused on designing a fault detection filter such that the estimation error between the residual and the fault is minimized in the sense of H _∞ norm. By employing piecewise Lyapunov function and average dwell time techniques, a sufficient condition for the existence of such a filter is exploited in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example of a switched electrical circuit is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具有高粘度分散相的油-水分散体系的液滴破碎与粒径分布研究

对湍流搅拌槽中原油-水分散体系的液滴破碎进行了研究。在不同的温度下原油表现出不同的流变学特征，对分散过程中的液滴破碎产生不同的影响。实验研究对比了不同温度下原油-水分散体系的液滴分布及最大稳定粒径，分析了触变性对破碎过程及最大稳定粒径的影响。经过模型计算与实验结果比较，发现以初始粘度计算的理论值预测最大稳定粒径更为合适。     

球窝型动态混合器结构和机理的研究

介绍研制的题示混合器结构及其混合机理。在分析球窝流场各节点速度分布的基础上,用加权平均总应变和分流混合度作为评定指标,对球窝型混合器的混合行为进行分析。通过对比实验证明球窝型混合器对于高粘流体具有良好的混合功效。     

城市燃气管网的管径优选

根据城市燃气管网设计的特点和燃气管输理论,以图论原理为指导,运用最优化方法,以使整个城市管网系统的管网造价最低为目标函数,以管网的压力降方程、连续性方程、环路压力平衡方程等为约束条件,建立了城市燃气管网管径优化模型,采用拉格朗日算法优化燃气管网,并开发了城市燃气管网管径优选计算软件。     

Crack elongation and its width of large depth reinforced concrete beams

In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading levels of serviceability state.The effects of the depth of normal section beams on the crack spacing and crack width were analyzed,and the modified model is proposed for calculating the average crack spacing by thinking about the depth of normal section,the reinforcement arrangement and the effective reinforcement ratio.The relationships of crack widths at any position in the tensile zone and at the reinforcement level on the side surface of beam were studied.By theoretical and statistical analysis,a method is proposed to calculate the ratios of crack widths between any position and the reinforcement level on the side surface of large depth reinforced concrete beams.     

鼓泡流化床中多组分颗粒分离的软球模拟

基于颗粒轨道模型,建立了粒径服从均匀分布的多组分颗粒体系分离的软球模型,模拟了粒径服从均匀分布的连续组分、三组分颗粒体系在流化床中的分离行为,并研究了表观气速不同时,连续组分、三组分颗粒体系的分离规律;同时讨论了粒径分别服从均匀分布与正态分布时,三组分颗粒体系分离行为的差异。研究结果表明：表观气速对连续组分、三组分颗粒体系的分离行为都有重要影响,但影响不同,粒径分布不同对三组分颗粒体系的分离行为没有显著影响。