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101.
采用双辉等离子渗铬技术,对T8钢进行了900℃温度表面渗铬合金化;使用GDA750.测量了试样渗铬合金层中Fe、Cr和C等元素的浓度分布。通过热力学分析计算,研究了渗铬合金化层形成过程中碳迁移机理和规律。指出驱动碳迁移的动力是碳的括度梯度,并推导出富碳区碳质量分数随铬质量分数变化的数学关系式:w(C)=0.8 0.3536w(Cr)。计算结果与试验结果相当吻合。 相似文献
102.
将正火40Cr钢样在不同温度下进行不同时间的气体渗氮,对其横断面进行波谱分析,发现渗氮前沿附近自始至终存在着典型的贫碳区,其两侧为富碳区,透射电镜分析结果表明,碳原子的重新分布包括碳化物的回溶、碳的扩散及碳化物长大三个过程。 相似文献
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Hatem S. Zurob Jinichiro Nakano Gary R. Purdy 《Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion》2006,27(6):699-706
The presence of a concentration gradient across a thin liquid film leads to the phenomenon of isothermal liquid film migration
(LFM). In most cases, the concentration gradient is due to coherency stresses, and the migration of the liquid film results
in the relaxation of these stresses. It is also possible to envisage cases in which LFM occurs as a result of chemical solubility
differences between stable and metastable phases. Both situations are examined in this contribution with special emphasis
on the effect of adding a second solute element to the liquid phase. The kinetics of LFM is examined as a function of the
initial liquid concentration and the ratio of the solute diffusion coefficients in a model coherency-driven ternary system.
The growth of the Γ2 inside δ particles in the Zn-Fe-Al system is presented as a possible example of chemically driven LFM.
This article was presented at the Multicomponent-Multiphase Diffusion Symposium in Honor of Mysore A. Dayananda, which was
held during TMS 2006, the 135th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, March 12–16, 2006, in San Antonio, TX. The symposium was organized
by Yongho Sohn of University of Central Florida, Carelyn E. Campbell of National Institute of Standards and Technology, Richard
D. Sisson, Jr., of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and John E. Morral of Ohio State University. 相似文献
105.
Effects of Cu underlayer on the structure of Fe50 Mn50 films were studied. Samples with a structure of Fe50 Mn50 (200 nm)/Cu(tcu) were prepared by rnagnetron sputtering on thermally oxidized silicon substrates at room temperature. The thickness of Cu underlayer varied from 0 to 60 nm in the intervals of 10 nm. High-vacuum annealing treatments, at different temperatures of 200, 300 and 400℃ for 1 h, respectively, on the Fe50Mn50 (200 nm)/Cu(20 nm) thin films were performed. The surface morphologies and textures of the samples were measured by field emission scan electronic microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) were used to analyze the compositional distribution. It is found that Cu underlayer has an obvious induce effect on (111) orientation of Fe50 Mn50 thin films. The induce effects of Cu on (111) orientation of Fe50 Mn50 changed with the increase of Cu layer thickness and the best effect was obtained at the Cu layer thickness of 20 nm. High-vacuum annealing treatments cause the migration of Mn atoms towards surface of the film and interface between Cu layer and substrate. With the increasing annealing temperature, migration of Mn atoms is more obvious, which leads to a Fe-riched Fe-Mn alloy film. 相似文献
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107.
Fish have evolved traits and life history characteristics that enable them to survive, exploit and depend on the flow regime of rivers, particularly the timing and predictability of flows for spawning and rearing their young. It is unclear to what degree pulsed flows from hydropower facilities and other environmental variables influence migratory behaviours. We used Dual Frequency Identification Sonar in the Michipicoten River, Canada, to address the relationship between fish migration and environmental factors with a focus on flow magnitude and fluctuation. In both 2007 and 2009, the peak of the Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migration occurred on 8 September. Mean water temperature on this date was 18 °C and precipitously dropped afterwards. The photoperiod was roughly 12‐h long with sunrise at 700 h and sunset at 2000 h. Most fishes moved upstream during the hours of darkness between 2000 and 600 h. The lowest counts of fish occurred from noon to just before sunset, whereas highest counts commonly occurred from 1 to 2 h after sunset. Fish moved upstream during all magnitudes of flow; however, there was a slight preference for larger flows in 2007 but not in 2009. Changes in flow magnitude occurred both during the day and night, with flows typically increasing during the day to meet electrical demand and decreasing at night. Most fishes moved upstream during periods of little to no change in flow. High flows and changing flows may deter salmon from moving up the Michipicoten River but not likely in a significant manner to cause energetic stress or harm. Other adverse effects of pulsed flows, however, must still be considered for spawning, hatching and rearing success. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
108.
Importance of Reservoir Tributaries to Spawning of Migratory Fish in the Upper Paraná River
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P. S. da Silva M. C. Makrakis L. E. Miranda S. Makrakis L. Assumpção S. Paula J. H. P. Dias H. Marques 《河流研究与利用》2015,31(3):313-322
Regulation of rivers by dams transforms previously lotic reaches above the dam into lentic ones and limits or prevents longitudinal connectivity, which impairs access to suitable habitats for the reproduction of many migratory fish species. Frequently, unregulated tributaries can provide important habitat heterogeneity to a regulated river and may mitigate the influence of impoundments on the mainstem river. We evaluated the importance of tributaries to spawning of migratory fish species over three spawning seasons, by comparing several abiotic conditions and larval fish distributions in four rivers that are tributaries to an impounded reach of the Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Our study confirmed reproduction of at least 8 long‐distance migrators, likely nine, out of a total of 19 occurring in the Upper Paraná River. Total larval densities and percentage species composition differed among tributaries, but the differences were not consistent among spawning seasons and unexpectedly were not strongly related to annual differences in temperature and hydrology. We hypothesize that under present conditions, densities of larvae of migratory species may be better related to efficiency of fish passage facilities than to temperature and hydrology. Our study indicates that adult fish are finding suitable habitat for spawning in tributaries, fish eggs are developing into larvae, and larvae are finding suitable rearing space in lagoons adjacent to the tributaries. Our findings also suggest the need for establishment of protected areas in unregulated and lightly regulated tributaries to preserve essential spawning and nursery habitats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
110.
在脑电图( EEG)信号识别中,EEG信号的采样环境、病人状态的多样性导致分类器训练所用的源域与分类器测试所用的目标域不匹配,分类器在目标域上表现不佳。为此,引入邻域适应策略,提出一种基于子空间相似度的改进主成分分析特征提取方法( SSM-PCA),在选择主成分时,考虑源域和目标域数据的几何和统计特性,并结合迁移学习分类器大间隔投射迁移支持向量机( LMPROJ),给出以SSM-PCA为基础的LMPROJ分类识别方法。实验结果表明,与结合PCA特征抽取技术和K近邻分类器实现的识别方法相比,该方法在识别正确率方面得到较大提升。 相似文献