表面活性剂对气液两相螺旋管流流动特性的影响

为了考察阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对气液两相螺旋管流流动特性的影响,该文用实验研究了不同浓度的SDS溶液体系气液两相螺旋管流的流型转变及压降规律。实验装置为由有机玻璃圆管制成的长2 m内径23 mm的实验段,以SDS水溶液和空气为实验介质,气液相折算流速均为0―2.5 m/s,SDS溶液质量浓度10―90 mg/kg,螺旋流由5种不同型号的金属螺旋叶轮诱导产生。利用直接观察和高速摄像相结合的方法观测流型的变化,并用液柱式压差计测量实验管段上下游间压差,实验在常温常压条件下进行。实验共得到螺旋线状流、螺旋波状分层流、螺旋轴状流、螺旋弥散流4种流型,与未添加表面活性剂体系相比较,并未得到螺旋泡状流和螺旋团状流这两种流型。同时,随着SDS溶液浓度的增大,气液两相螺旋流逐渐向螺旋弥散流流型转变,这是因为低浓度的SDS溶液随着其浓度的增大,气液界面张力逐渐减小,而气液掺混程度则会不断增大。此外,与未添加表面活性剂体系相比较,添加了SDS体系的气液两相螺旋管流压降梯度将会减小。最后,阐述了气液两相螺旋管流强化天然气水合物生成的研究及应用现状,并针对多相流研究现状,提出了气液两相流相间传热特性应成为今后研究热点等建议。     

基于FIC法的不可压缩N-S方程稳定分步算法

近年来发展了一种稳定型分步算法,它是在有限增量微积分(Finite Increment Calculus,FIC)求解不可压缩N-S方程理论框架的基础上,引入了对流和压力梯度投影两个附加变量。该方法有效改善了经典分步算法的压力稳定性,同时避免了标准FIC理论框架中存在的空间高阶导数的计算。该文通过采用此方法对各种雷诺数条件下的顶盖驱动方腔流、圆柱绕流和后台阶流进行数值模拟,并将计算结果与前人计算结果及实验结果进行比较,结果表明本文算法计算结果合理可靠。由此可见该算法具有较强的求解不可压缩流动问题的能力以及良好的应用前景。     

三杆六脚体对桥墩周围流场影响的试验研究

为寻求保护桥墩周围河床避受冲刷的有效方式,采用物理模型试验的方法,对三杆六脚透水架体对桥墩周围流场水力特性的影响进行了研究分析。结果表明,三杆六脚透水架体不但能削减穿越其内部的水流流速,在床面附近形成流速减速区域,将墩周马蹄形旋涡和墩后尾流漩涡的作用能量有效地转移到远离床面的水体中,而且还能利用自身扰流消能和实体抗冲的双重特性有效抑制墩前向下水流对床面的冲击。     

取水工程附近河床冲淤规律数值模拟研究

取水口处的泥沙淤积问题关系到取水工程能否安全运行,从水流、河势角度论证了取水口布置的合理性,并减少取水对航道及防洪影响的必要性。以长江九江湖口水道某电厂取水口为例,采用平面二维水沙数学模型研究了取水口附近局部流态、河床冲淤、取水工程处悬沙含量等的变化规律,并对附近河床近期变化进行了预测。计算条件采用丰、中、枯典型年和典型系列年水沙条件,系列年考虑三峡工程和上游水库调度的影响。通过分析计算结果,选择了较优取水口方案,并推荐了适宜的取水口标高。研究结果表明,同一河段取水工程处河床冲淤规律受来水来沙条件和取水工程位置处的局部地形的共同影响。     

Ski jump trajectory with consideration of air resistance

In the case of the ski-jump type energy dissipation,the jet trajectory will be greatly affected by the air entrainment and the air resistance.It is necessary to consider those factors when estimating the trajectory of the jet flow.In this work,the effect of the air resistance on the jet trajectory is theoretically and experimentally investigated.A comprehensive resistance coefficient is proposed.To determine this coefficient,experiments of five models are conducted with the circular-shaped flip bucket placed at the point of the takeoff of ski jumps.It is shown that,this coefficient of the lower jet trajectory is only related to the approach flow Froude number,while that of the upper jet trajectory is dominated by both this Froude number and the deflection angle.Furthermore,the present methodology is validated by experimental data in this work and the maximum errors are not larger than 3.2%and 8.6%for the lower and upper jet trajectories,respectively.     

广西糖料蔗小管出流灌溉方式不同灌溉定额研究成果分析

通过小管出流灌溉方式,采用不同灌溉定额:150 m3/亩、250 m3/亩、350 m3/亩,研究不同灌溉定额条件下糖料蔗的出苗率、分蘖率、株高、茎粗、叶面积、蔗汁锤度、水分生存率、水分利用效益等糖料蔗生长指标。试验证明:糖料蔗对养分的吸收强度不仅与养分在土壤中的存在状态有关,还与甘蔗不同生长阶段的土壤水分、湿度有关。糖料蔗在不同的生长阶段对灌水量也有不同的要求,在不同时期对糖料蔗进行有效、合理的灌水,对糖料蔗的生长发育起着极其重要的作用。而在250 m3/亩灌溉定额条件下,更能促进糖料蔗的生长发育,从而提高糖料蔗的品质形状和产量。     

基于分层光流的煤矿井下运动目标跟踪算法

针对煤矿井下视频序列高噪声、运动目标繁多、目标交错等特点,提出了一种基于分层光流法的矿井运动目标跟踪算法。首先对相邻两帧视频序列采用帧差法确定多个初始目标跟踪模版;然后采用SUSAN角点检测提取模版内的特征点;最后运用改进的分层光流法进行目标检测和跟踪,并在跟踪过程中对模版进行更新。该算法实现了煤矿井下多目标运动物体的稳定跟踪,并能解决目标部分遮挡问题。实验和仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性。     

浅析网络异常流量分析检测研究与实现

伴随着互联网技术与网络业务的快速发展,网络规模逐渐扩大,网络运用开始逐步朝多元化、多样化以及复杂化的方向发展.现今,网络流量监测已经逐渐发展为计算机网络运用当中一个必不可少的内容与环节.文章将对网络异常流量加以说明,并对网络异常流量检测技术研究与实现进行分析与研究.     

Ricci flow-based spherical parameterization and surface registration

This paper presents an improved Euclidean Ricci flow method for spherical parameterization. We subsequently invent a scale space processing built upon Ricci energy to extract robust surface features for accurate surface registration. Since our method is based on the proposed Euclidean Ricci flow, it inherits the properties of Ricci flow such as conformality, robustness and intrinsicalness, facilitating efficient and effective surface mapping. Compared with other surface registration methods using curvature or sulci pattern, our method demonstrates a significant improvement for surface registration. In addition, Ricci energy can capture local differences for surface analysis as shown in the experiments and applications.     

Bed morphology, flow structure, and sediment transport at the outlet of Lake Huron and in the upper St. Clair River

An integrated multibeam echo sounder and acoustic Doppler current profiler field survey was conducted in July 2008 to investigate the morphodynamics of the St. Clair River at the outlet of Lake Huron. The principal morphological features of the upper St. Clair River included flow-transverse bedforms that appear weakly mobile, erosive bedforms in cohesive muds, thin non-cohesive veneers of weakly mobile sediment that cover an underlying cohesive (till or glacio-lacustrine) surface, and vegetation that covers the bed. The flow was characterized by acceleration as the banks constrict from Lake Huron into the St. Clair River, an approximately 1500-m long region of flow separation downstream from the Blue Water Bridge, and secondary flow connected to: i) channel curvature; ii) forcing of the flow by local bed topography, and iii) flow wakes in the lee side of ship wrecks. Nearshore, sand-sized, sediment from Lake Huron was capable of being transported into, and principally along, the banks of the upper St. Clair River by the measured flow. A comparison of bathymetric surveys conducted in 2007 and 2008 identifies that the gravel bed does undergo slow downstream movement, but that this movement does not appear to be generated by the mean flow, and could possibly be caused by ship-propeller-induced turbulence. The study results suggest that the measured mean flow and dredging within the channel have not produced major scour of the upper St. Clair River and that the recent fall in the level of Lake Huron is unlikely to have been caused by these mechanisms.