Heat capacity of liquid and undercooled liquid metals and alloys

Trends in the dependences on temperature and concentration of experimentally determined heat capacities of liquid and undercooled liquid metals and alloys are discussed. A new adiabatic calorimeter for determining the heat capacity of liquid alloys up to 1500 K is described. The ability of several approximations and models to describe the different characteristics of the heat capacity of liquid and supercooled liquid metals and alloys is demonstrated.     

工序能力评价与经济分析

通过对工序能力的分析与评价 ,工序能力并非越高越好 ,提高工序能力有时意味着增加成本 ,故应作经济分析 ,本文介绍了一种经济分析的方法。     

GCr15钢轴承套圈的磨削开裂失效分析

通过金相分析及断口观察，对GCr15钢轴承套圈的磨削开裂进行了系统分析。结果表明．淬火裂纹是套圈失效的根本原因，而原材料中Cr的带状偏析、套圈表面的应力集中、淬火加热时的氧化脱碳以及不当的磨削工序则共同加剧了淬火裂纹的萌生和扩展。     

Thermal analysis of polymer–water interactions and their relation to gas hydrate inhibition

Gas hydrates formed in oil production pipelines are crystalline solids where hydrocarbon gas molecules such as methane, propane, and their mixtures are trapped in a cagelike structure by hydrogen‐bonded water molecules to form undesirable plugs. Methanol and glycol are currently used to prevent these plugs via thermodynamic inhibition. Small amounts of water‐soluble polymers may provide an alternate approach for preventing gas hydrates. In this study, we expand the fundamental understanding of water–polymer systems with differential scanning calorimetry. Nonfreezable bound water was used to quantify polymer–water interactions and relate them to the chemical structure for a series of polymers, including acrylamides, cyclic lactams, and n‐vinyl amides. For good interactions, the water structure needs to be stabilized through hydrophobic interactions. An increased hydrophobicity of the pendant group also appears to favor polymer performance as a gas hydrate inhibitor. Good inhibitors, such as poly(diethyl acrylamide) and poly(N‐vinyl caprolactam), also show higher heat capacities, which indicate higher hydrophobicity, than poor performers such as polyzwitterions, in which hydrophilicity dominated. The phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of dilute polymer solutions were also evaluated through measurements of the heat of demixing and lower critical solution temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2642–2653, 2007     

常温脱氯剂与HCl气体反应动力学的研究

在固定床反应器中研究了自制的铁系常温脱氯剂与HCl气体的反应动力学,导出了计算脱氯剂氯容的动力学方程q=0.309[(exp(0.036t))/(exp(0.036t)+exp(61.9Z)-1)]×100%.根据该方程,可以计算各个时刻、床层不同深度处脱氯剂的氯容,从而判断脱氯剂的性能及其使用寿命.     

含油废水旋流处理配套回用工艺技术研究

目前多数油田的含油废水经过旋流器及其配套技术处理后可直接用于回注，而回注水主要指标是控制废水中的含油量与悬浮物量。在现场试验地，利用两级静态旋流器串联加过滤装置或其他配套技术工艺进行净化，测试结果十分理想。作者总结了现场实验工艺的优选设计、试验及应用。结合各种旋流处理的配套工艺与典型实验数值对比结果，优选出满足生产需求的配套回用工艺，为建立以旋流器为核心水处理设备的配套新工艺及环保范基地奠定了基础，提高了经济效益。     

超稠油污水处理技术的研究

以河油田曙I区社84污水处理站含超稠油污水为对象，选用最新研制开发的HL－005高效除油剂，研究了药剂浓度及复合比例对污水的处理效果。结果表明，在现有工艺条件下，使用该药A与C两组分复合先对污水进行预处理,然后A与B两组分复合对预处理后的水质进行净化，在技术上是可行的，完全达到水质净化指标。     

Effect of additives on formation of natural gas hydrate

The formation of natural gas hydrate (NGH) is studied in this work. Kinetics data of hydrate formation with no agitation were collected at various concentrations of the aqueous solutions with different additives such as alkylpolyglucside, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and potassium oxalate monohydrate. Various kinds of additive increased the formation rates of NGH and its storage capacity and reduced the induction time of NGH formation. Moreover, the storage capacity, the induction time and the hydrate formation rate were influenced by the concentration of the aqueous solution.     

大液相负荷下斜孔塔板的流体力学性能

针对大液相负荷气液传质操作 ,通过冷模实验 ,重新确定了普通斜孔塔板的液体力学性能 ,并给出了新的关联式。同时基于普通正排斜孔塔板在大液量操作条件下压降大 ,泄漏和雾沫夹带严重等缺点 ,沿用梯形导向浮阀的思想 ,提出了变正排为斜排的改进方案 ,并在相同条件下对两者的液体力学性能进行初步比较。证明了斜排斜孔塔板是一种适合大液体处理量且操作弹性较宽的塔板     

墩头超长实用堰泄洪安全分析及模型试验验证——以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例

以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例,论述了将WES实用堰的闸墩墩头向上游超长延伸之后,对泄洪安全所造成的影响。针对WES实用堰流量系数、堰面动水压力容易受边界因子影响的特点,对设计断面的堰顶布置和墩头形状进行了优化。根据堰面空化数计算公式及水流特性推导出计算的关键部位,对空化数进行计算。采用几何比尺为1∶60的物理模型对溢流堰的泄流能力和堰面动水压力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明:溢流堰的模型试验泄流能力和设计泄流能力非常相近。堰面动水压力除工况2的B4测点出现了-1.2 k Pa的微小负压值外,其余堰面时均压强值均大于0。从而,在泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面都验证了这种设计方案的合理性。该工程所遇到的结构布置问题在中低溢流坝工程中属常见问题,解决思路可为今后类似工程建设借鉴参考。