Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Fluorescence emission spectroscopy

Fluorescence is a luminescence phenomenon in which a compound emits light after absorption of electromagnetic irradiation. Specialized terms such as photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, anodoluminescence, radioluminescence, and x‐ray fluorescence sometimes are used to indicate the type of exciting radiation. Fluorescence spectroscopy provides reliable quantitative and qualitative data. It precisely tracks chemical reactions from fluorescent materials compounds with aromatic groups, or conjugated planar, or cyclic molecules. It is up to 1000 times more sensitive than UV‐vis or infrared spectroscopy. Fluorescence intensity depends on the fluorophore (compound that fluoresces), its concentration, excitation and emission wavelengths, temperature and contamination. We adjust the slit dimensions, photomultiplier tube voltage and bandpass filter cutoff to maximize the signal while avoiding saturating the detector. Together with x‐ray diffraction, it is the most common spectroscopic technique with applications in geology, chemistry, medicine, and astronomy. A bibliometric analysis of the top 10 000 cited papers identified 5 clusters based on keywords centered around: (1) cancer, cells, and proteins; (2) aggregation induced emission, LED, and complexes; (3) live cells, sensors, and probes; (4) quantum dots, DNA, and biosensors; and (5) nanoparticles, in vivo, and drug delivery. Chemical engineers have yet to fully embrace fluorescence spectroscopy as the category is ranked 16th among all scientific categories that exploit it.     

The First Two Decades of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

This paper reports on the first two decades of research on smart cities by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the literature published between 1992 and 2012. The analysis shows that smart-city research is fragmented and lacks cohesion, and its growth follows two main development paths. The first one is based on the peer-reviewed publications produced by European universities, which support a holistic perspective on smart cities. The second path, instead, stands on the gray literature produced by the American business community and relates to a techno-centric understanding of the subject. Divided along such paths, the future development of this new and promising field of research risks being undermined. For while the bibliometric analysis indicates that smart cities are emerging as a fast-growing topic of scientific enquiry, much of the knowledge that is generated about them is singularly technological in nature. In that sense, lacking the social intelligence, cultural artifacts, and environmental attributes, which are needed for the ICT-related urban innovation that such research champions.     

基于文献计量的汉江流域研究态势分析

基于Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)文献数据库,采用文献计量学的原理方法,对2000—2020年间汉江流域相关研究的发文量、国际合作、主要作者、主要机构、期刊分布和关键词等进行了分析。结果表明:2000—2020年期间WOS和CNKI数据库收录汉江流域相关的论文分别有560篇和553篇,且基本保持稳定增长状态。WOS中相关论文涉及的国家有46个,其中我国的发文量占比86%,主要与美国、澳大利亚等国家合作。来自中国科学院武汉植物园的张全发研究员共发表43篇中外文论文,位列全球之首,且为WOS数据库中作者合作网络的中心。WOS数据库中论文发表在Journal of Hydroloy期刊的数量最多,占比4%以上;CNKI数据库中《长江流域与资源环境》发文量最多,占比7.7%。“气候变化”和“丹江口水库”是两个数据库中共同的高频关键词,表明汉江流域主要关注丹江口库区及气候变化对流域的影响。该研究成果可以为汉江流域未来的研究提供科学支撑。     

Technology exploration and forecasting of biofuels and biohydrogen energy from patent analysis

The status and activity of technological development in the field of biofuel and biohydrogen energy from the year 2000–2011 were investigated utilizing patent bibliometric analysis. Based on the reports, the current status indicates that the key technologies for biofuel energy have reached technological maturity in the United States. However, the principal or predominant technologies for biohydrogen energy need a great deal of work to accelerate the development of biohydrogen technology. In addition, three important subjects were found from citation techniques, which are related to biodiesel fuel, biological fuel cell, and the biohydrogen. These patents described that the focus of key techniques of energy production should be established towards low energy demand technologies, and biohydrogen was found to be a potential candidate of the future. Finally, this proposed model can be applied to all high-technology cases, and particularly to green energy field.     

基于CiteSpace的火灾风险评估研究知识图谱分析

为了解火灾风险评估领域的全局概况,对CNKI和Web of Science数据库进行检索,借助CiteSpace软件分析了1999-2020年间的共1250篇文献数据,并绘制了知识图谱.结果表明:火灾风险评估发文量呈稳定上升趋势;高产核心作者是田玉敏和THOMPSON P M;核心机构是中国人民武装警察部队学院(现中国...     

15 Years of Small: Research Trends in Nanosafety

In the field of nano‐ and microscale science and technology, Small has become one of the worldwide leading journals since its initiation 15 years ago. Among all the topics covered in Small, “nanosafety” has received growing interest over the years, which accounts for a large proportion of the total publications of Small. Herein, inspired by its coming Special Issue “Rethinking Nanosafety,” a general bibliometric overview of the nanosafety studies that have been published in Small is presented. Using the data derived from the Web of Science Core Collection, the annual publication growth, most influential countries/institutions as well as the visualized collaborations between different countries and institutions based on CiteSpace software are presented. A special emphasis on the impact of the previous Special Issue from Small that is related to nanosafety research is given and the research trend from the most highly cited papers during last 15 years is analyzed. Lastly, future research directions are also proposed.     

基于文献计量的石油钻井油泥处理及资源化利用分析

目的全面了解国内外石油钻井油泥处理现状和应用动态。 方法基于中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库,检索2007-2021年15年间国内外钻井油泥的相关研究文献,采用文献计量法从多角度进行分析。 结果在2007-2021年,该领域中、英文发文量均呈上升趋势,其中中文发文量高于英文;国内外基金资助项目最多的均是中国国家自然基金,机构影响力较高的分别为中国石油大学(华东)和法赫德国王石油矿产大学;中国在该领域的活跃程度高,而美国的研究水平处国际领先地位;国内研究重视钻井技术和油泥处理,国际研究关注钻井材料和污染水处理,国内外均对油泥资源化利用探究较少。 结论油泥资源化利用已成为当前研究热点,油泥无害化和资源化用于绿化种植用土是一项重要研究发展方向。      

国内外可降解膜研究热点及趋势对比分析

结合文献计量学和内容分析法,通过对2000—2020年间中国知网和Web of Science核心数据库中1 932篇与“可降解膜”相关中英文文献客观、系统地分析,对比了国内外可降解膜的研究进展。分析了国内外可降解膜研究历程、主要研究力量,包括国家、机构和作者。对比分析了国内外可降解膜研究前沿及热点的演变,主要包括可降解膜的类型、可降解膜性能优化方法及其在多个领域的应用效果评估。结果表明,低成本、高性能可降解膜研发及其全生命周期环境风险评估等是未来可降解膜的研究重点。