缓释玻璃肥料的应用进展

玻璃肥料是一种缓释长效肥料，也是一种含微量元素的复合肥料。作者概述了缓释玻璃肥料的特点与应用，介绍了缓释磷酸盐玻璃的结构特点，并对缓释玻璃肥料的发展前景进行了探讨。     

The effect of fertilizer nitrogen input to grass-clover swards and calving date on the productivity of pasture-based dairy production

The objective of this systems-scale study was to investigate grazing season timeframes on pasture and milk production and on milk processability of dairy systems with compact spring-calving dairy cows grazing white clover (Trifolium repens L.) based grassland. Fifty-four primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used in a one-factor study with 3 systems (n = 18) and repeated over 2 yr (2008/09 and 2009/10). The 3 systems were: early spring calving with annual fertilizer N input of 100 kg·ha^?1 applied in spring (ES100N; 2.1 cows·ha^?1; grazing February to November), early spring calving without fertilizer N (ES0N; 1.6 cows·ha^?1; grazing February to November) and late spring calving without fertilizer N (LS0N; 1.53 cows·ha^?1; grazing April to January). Annual pasture production was affected by an interaction between grazing system and year: Mean annual pasture yields for 2008 and 2009 were ES100N; 10.35 and 9.88, ES0N; 8.88 and 8.63, LS0N; 9.18 and 10.31 t of dry matter (DM)·ha^?1 (SEM 0.39). LS0N had higher pasture DM yield in 2009 due to higher clover DM production and biological N fixation compared with the other systems. Clover stolon and root mass in the following February was correlated with stolon and root mass in the previous November with 64% of stolon mass present on LS0N in February (R² = 0.84). There were no detectable differences in per-lactation milk yield (6,335 kg·cow^?1), fat, protein and lactose yields (271, 226, 297 kg·cow^?1, respectively), cow liveweight (585 kg) or body condition score (3.02). Although winter grazing favored subsequent clover DM production, biological N fixation and pasture DM production, delaying calving date in spring and extending lactation into the following winter led to inefficient use of this pasture by the grazing herd and lowered the quality of late-lactation milk for processing purposes. Hence, a mean calving date in mid- to late-February is recommended for zero-fertilizer N input clover-based grassland.     

大型磷复肥装置磷石膏湿排干堆工艺与技术剖析

针对磷复肥生产排放大量磷石膏带来的堆存和环境问题,并应运而生了湿排干堆技术,认为本行业普遍选用的翻盘和转台两种真空过滤机都可改造为双加料双卸料的满足湿排干堆工艺要求.从返回的残余渣和冲洗水、维护工作量,运行稳定性和节省能耗等方面分析,认为双加料双卸料的翻盘真空过滤机更适用于磷石膏湿排干堆工艺,并在湖北省大型磷复肥装置中得到了推广应用.     

制肥副产物制备铝合金抛光专用酸可行性研究

以制肥副产物为研究对象,对其制备铝合金抛光专用酸进行可行性研究。研究内容:(1)分析制肥副产物主要成分含量;(2)以制肥副产物为原料制备铝合金抛光专用酸;(3)进行抛光试验验证其抛光效果。结果表明:制肥副产物中五氧化二磷含量高达49%以上,且含有少量重金属元素及杂质,作为原料制备出的铝合金抛光专用酸抛光效果较好。得出结论:制肥副产物可作为制备铝合金抛光专用酸原料使用。     

基于集成构架的智能MCC在钾肥项目中的应用

结合国投新疆罗布泊钾盐有限责任公司年产120万吨钾肥项目,介绍了集成架构理念,智能MCC控制方式,从顶层工作站对底层电机监控的实现.     

有机肥料中氮磷钾测定前处理方法改进研究

为提高有机肥料中氮、磷、钾的测定效率,对有机肥料前处理过程进行了改进,并与农业标准NY525-2012的分析结果进行了比较。结果表明,改进方法与NY525-2012分析结果无显著性差异,可以代替NY525-2012对有机肥料中氮、磷、钾测定时进行前处理。     

天然气换热式转化制合成气催化剂的选用

论述了制合成气过程催化剂的选择及重要性，转化催化剂要求有较好的低温活性和抗积炭性能，中变催化剂考虑催化剂本体含硫量，低变催化剂要从活性、热稳定性、堆积密度、还原后体积收缩率、烧失重和自由水含量等方面衡量，甲烷化催化剂的选用要根据设备状况满足工艺要求方面考虑。催化剂的使用寿命既与合理选用催化剂有重要关系，也与工业应用过程中的正确使用和维护有关。     

Multilayer‐coated NPK compound fertilizer hydrogel with controlled nutrient release and water absorbency

A novel trilayered controlled‐release nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer hydrogel was prepared by dipping the NPK fertilizer granules sequentially in 7% w v^?1 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and 2% w v^?1 chitosan (CS) solutions and then cross‐linking the CS layer (cross‐CS) via glutaraldehyde vapor deposition. Different NPK fertilizer hydrogels were then synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization of the dried PVA/cross‐CS bilayer‐coated fertilizer granules in various molar ratios of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers, and polymerization with varying molar ratios of ammonium persulfate, N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (N‐MBA). The water dissolution time of the obtained PVA/cross‐CS/poly (AA‐co‐AM) trilayer‐coated NPK fertilizer hydrogel granules was prolonged, while the water absorbency increased with increasing AA contents, and decreased with increasing N‐MBA contents in the outer poly(AA‐co‐AM) coating. The optimal trilayer‐coated NPK fertilizer hydrogel obtained released 84 ± 18, 63 ± 12, and 36 ± 15% of the N, P, and K nutrients, respectively, after a 30‐day immersion in water. The release phenomena of the N, P, and K nutrients of the fertilizer hydrogel obeyed both the Korsmeyer‐Peppas and Ritger‐Peppas models with a pseudo‐Fickian diffusion mechanism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41249.