Remediation of phenol-contaminated soil by a bacterial consortium and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from an industrial wastewater treatment plant

Time-course performance of a phenol-degrading indigenous bacterial consortium, and of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, isolated from an industrial coal wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. This bacterial consortium was able to survive in the presence of phenol concentrations as high as 1200mgL(-1) and the consortium was more fast in degrading phenol than a pure culture of the A. calcoaceticus strain. In a batch system, 86% of phenol biodegradation occurred in around 30h at pH 6.0, while at pH 3.0, 95.2% of phenol biodegradation occurred in 8h. A high phenol biodegradation (above 95%) by the mixed culture in a bioreactor was obtained in both continuous and batch systems, but when test was carried out in coke gasification wastewater, no biodegradation was observed after 10 days at pH 9-11 for both pure strain or the isolated consortium. An activated sludge with the same bacterial consortium characterized above was mixed with a textile sludge-contaminated soil with a phenol concentration of 19.48mgkg(-1). After 20 days of bioaugmentation, the remanescent phenol concentration of the sludge-soil matrix was 1.13mgkg(-1).     

对硝基苯胺废水处理技术研究进展

叙述了国内外对具有高毒及难降解的对硝基苯胺废水的物理、化学及生物治理方法,评述了各种方法特点。认为目前对硝基苯胺废水治理的发展更多的在于综合运用现有的处理方法和技术。     

金属离子对脂肪族聚酯降解性能的影响

在土壤培养液中添加不同种类的金属离子,研究了它们对可生物降解聚酯聚乳酸（PLA）、聚丁二酸丁二酯（PBS）膜降解性能的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪表征了PLA和PBS膜降解前后的化学结构。结果表明：所有降解后的膜表面均有明显被侵蚀的痕迹;在土壤培养液中的Mg^2＋,Zn^2＋,Ca^2＋对PLA的降解性能有促进作用,对PBS的降解性能则影响不大;降解后PLA膜的玻璃化转变温度有所升高,但PBS膜变化不大。     

聚乙烯醇与淀粉共混薄膜的研究

在添加剂作用下,将聚乙烯醇(PVA)与淀粉进行溶液共混,通过正交实验法确定了生产PVA-淀粉塑料薄膜的最优化工艺条件。在最优化工艺条件下,制得了相容性较好且具有良好生物降解性能的PVA-淀粉塑料薄膜。     

苏丹裂谷盆地高酸值原油成因分析

通过对苏丹Muglad盆地和Melut盆地原油环烷酸的组成与分布特征、高酸值原油脂肪酸组成特征、微量元素和稀土元素的组成特征以及饱和烃地球化学特征的研究，分析了该区原油的生油母质特A及原油成熟度；同时分析了原始母质及其沉积环境、有机成熟度和生物降解作用对原油酸值的影响。研究结果表明，生物降解作用是该区高酸值原油形成的关键因素。     

腐生菌对水解聚丙烯酰胺降解过程的研究

水解聚丙烯酰胺被广泛应用于油田以提高原油的采收率。在实验室模拟油田的二元复合聚合物的条件研究腐生菌（简称TGB）在碱－聚合物驱中的生长情况，讨论改变溶液pH值、TGB初始接种量、培养时间、连续活化次数对水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）溶液粘度的影响。研究表明，连续活化5次原TGB在1000mg／L的HPAM中恒温培养7d，可使溶液粘度损失率达11．2％。通过SP8100型高效液相色谱仪测接种TGB前后HPAM的相对分子质量及其分布，探讨HPAM溶液粘度的损失机理，初步认为是由于在TGB的作用下，HPAM的高分子链断裂发生生物降解所致。     

表面活性剂对原油生物降解的强化作用

从降解原油的微生物种类与摄取模式及化学表面活性剂与生物表面活性剂对原油生物降解的强化作用等方面进行论述,指出化学表面活性剂有毒且难于降解,应用受限;而生物表面活性剂是由微生物生成的天然产物,其化学结构和物理性质相近或优于许多人工合成表面活性剂,具有无毒且易于降解等特性,在石油生物降解中具有极大的应用潜力;概述了生物表面活性剂的特性、种类及其在强化原油生物降解中的应用;探讨了在生物表面活性剂应用中存在的问题及解决途径.参50     

固定化细胞提高热带假丝酵母菌的噻吩耐受性及降解效率

利用固定化细胞技术提高热带假丝酵母降解高浓度噻吩的效率,考察了固定化包埋的载体类型及固定化的方法,优化了固定化微球降解噻吩的实验条件。实验结果表明:用2%的海藻酸钠固定化热带假丝酵母,微球表面可形成一层致密的薄膜,将大量细胞包埋在微球里,菌体密度达到5×10¹⁰ CFU/g微球;噻吩降解实验中较佳条件为:微球接种量7 g/100 mL、培养基初始pH 8.5～9.0、培养温度30℃。在500 mg/L噻吩的培养液中,培养16 h时降解可达62.3%。     

Biodegradation of phenol by Synechocystis sp. in media including triacontanol hormone

Phenol removal levels of Synechocystis sp. were investigated in BG11 media with 10 mg/L triacontanol (TRIA) and without it to test whether the hormone could increase the removal efficiency by increasing biomass. The assays were performed to determine the effect of light on degradation, in media with 119.0–492.8 mg/L phenol under light and dark conditions. At increasing phenol concentrations, the degradation ranged between 98.5 and 100% regardless of a dark or a light condition. Experiments were carried out under light to determine the optimum pH for effective degradation. Optimum pH was found to be 6.5 at 200 mg/L phenol with or without TRIA. Phenol degradation was investigated in the 120.2–826.9 mg/L range. Although 377.4 mg/L phenol was completely degraded in hormone controls within 120 h, degradation was increased by TRIA, and the process was completed in 96 h. These data suggest that Synechocystis sp. has potential for use in the treatment of wastewaters containing phenol.     

A study of external mass transfer effect on biodegradation of phenol using low‐density polyethylene immobilized Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) in a packed bed bioreactor

The impact of external mass transport on the biodegradation rate of phenol in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was studied. A potential bacterial species, Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU), was isolated from the petroleum‐contaminated soil. Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) immobilized with the B. flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) was used as packing material in the PBBR. The PBBR was operated by varying the inlet feed flow rate from 4 to 10 mL/min, and the corresponding degradation rate coefficients were found to be in the range of 0.119–0.157 L/g h. In addition, the highest removal rate of phenol was obtained to be 1.305 mg/g h at an inlet feed rate of 10 mL/min. The external mass transfer was studied using the model . A new empirical correlation for the biodegradation of phenol in the PBBR was developed after the evaluation at various values of K and n.