NOVEL BIODEGRADABLE POLYAMIDES BASED ON TARTARIC ACID: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES

Copolymers of tartaric acid with various diamines were synthesized by a condensation polymerization technique. The synthesized polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, paper chromatography, TGA analysis, viscosity measurements and biodegradation studies. Elemental analysis, paper chromatography and spectroscopic studies confirmed polyamide formation. The activation energy values for various stages of decomposition were calculated from TGA analysis using Broido's method. The intrinsic viscosity ([η]), voluminosity (V _E ) and shape factor (ν) were also computed using viscosity data. Microbiological observations of polymer-dependant growth studies using a soil bacterial isolate, suggested that one of these polymers was used as growth substrate and was therefore biodegradable.     

骆驼瘤胃乳酸菌对吡啶的降解研究

将来源于骆驼瘤胃中的8株乳酸菌接种到以吡啶(300μg/m L)为唯一碳源、氮源的无机盐培养基中进行培养,通过紫外分光光度计定期检测乳酸菌的的吸光度值(600 nm),了解其生长情况;利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)动态检测的乳酸菌降解吡啶的残留量,确定骆驼瘤胃中的乳酸菌对吡啶的降解能力。实验结果显示:8株乳酸菌对吡啶都具有较强的降解能力,其中2株乳酸菌(GU366027、GU366021)培养84 h后,可以将吡啶完全降解;3株菌(GU366034、GU366019、GU366030)96 h后可以100%利用吡啶;3株(GU366037、GU366038、GU366028)108h能够将培养基中的吡啶完全转化。研究提示骆驼瘤胃中的乳酸菌具有高效降解吡啶的作用。     

The effect of waterflooding on the occurrence of alkyl naphthalenes and phenanthrenes in crude oil

Using GC and GC-MS, the occurrence of alkyl naphthalenes and alkyl phenanthrenes in 36 waterflooded oils in the Qu9 reservoir was investigated. Compared with the early waterflooded oils, the later ones feature a loss of aromatics but a gain of saturates. Possibly due to their much lower solubility and stronger resistance to biodegradation, the alkyl naphthalenes with three or more alkyl substituent–related parameters are substantially unaltered in values, the same as the alkyl phenanthrene–related parameters with the advance of waterflooding. The random changes of alkyl naphthalenes with two or less alkyl substituent–related parameters during waterflooding are possibly the mixed results of water washing and biodegradation.     

纺织废料生物复合板的制备及其表征

采用废棉纤维、废涤纶和废涤棉纤维,利用真菌培养把废纤维缠结在一起并经过一定的后加工处理得到了轻质环保的纺织废料生物复合(TWBCs)板。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了其中含有的纤维成分,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察TWBCs板的表面及截面形貌。结果表明,含有三种不同纤维成分的TWBCs板的红外光谱明显具有不同的特征;SEM分析表明,纤维和真菌的菌丝体已经很好地结合在一起。土壤降解测试证明TWBCs板具有一定的生物可降解性。废棉纤维TWBCs的降解性能较强,废涤棉TWBCs的降解性能次之,而废涤纶TWBCs的最差。该方法制备工艺简单、周期短、成本低廉且所制备的TWBCs材料具有生物可降解性。     

脂肪族聚碳酸酯的制备方法及其结构性能

脂肪族聚碳酸酯(APC)是一类新型可生物降解高分子材料,具有良好的生物降解性能、生物相容性和力学性能。综述了APC的制备方法,包括光气法、CO2/环氧化物共聚法、开环聚合法和酯交换法,并重点阐述了酯交换法的研究进展;分析了APC的热力学性能、结晶行为、力学性能、热降解机理和生物降解性能与结构的关系;介绍了APC的应用情况。对APC未来的研发方向及实现工业应用进行了展望。