具有生物降解性和光降解性的双降解聚乙烯

把光降解剂、淀粉和聚乙烯共混复合，以期得到加工性能和力学性能良好、既具有生物降解性能又具有光降解性能的可降解聚乙烯。本文研究了共混体系的分散均匀性、界面粘结性、熔体流动性、降解性能和力学性能。     

酰胺及其酯类表面活性剂对矿物润滑油基础油生物降解性的影响

以液体石蜡模拟矿物润滑油基础油,分别将脂肪酸酰胺、脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺、脂肪酸乙醇酰胺磷酸酯(FEAP)表面活性剂加入液体石蜡中,通过测定生物降解指数(BDI),考察表面活性剂对液体石蜡生物降解性的影响;通过测定培养液的光密度和油水界面张力,考察表面活性剂促进液体石蜡生物降解的作用机制。实验结果表明,3种酰胺及其酯类表面活性剂均可显著提高液体石蜡的生物降解性,FEAP的效果最好,在液体石蜡中加入1.0%(w)FEAP时,可使液体石蜡的BDI由33.0%提高至71.9%;酰胺及其酯类表面活性剂能显著降低培养液油水界面张力和加速微生物生长,从而促进液体石蜡的生物降解。     

微波辐射阿拉伯胶接枝2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸制备高吸水树脂及溶胀性能

以阿拉伯胶(GA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(APS)为引发剂,采用微波辐射方法制备了GA-g-PAMPS高吸水性树脂。探讨了单体配比、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、中和度、微波功率和辐射时间对吸水倍率的影响,研究了树脂的溶胀性能,并用FTIR对吸水性树脂的结构进行了表征。结果表明:最佳合成条件下得到的树脂吸去离子水倍率为683 g/g,吸生理盐水倍率为137 g/g。树脂的吸水倍率随着无机盐溶液浓度的增加而减小,在不同价态金属离子盐溶液中,树脂的吸水倍率从大到小的顺序为Na ClBa Cl2Fe Cl3,树脂具有较高的吸水速率和较好的重复吸水性能。     

可生物降解的环保型镁合金微乳化切削液的制备

开发了一种可生物降解的环保型镁合金微乳化切削液,考察了基础油、缓蚀剂、螯合剂、防锈剂、润滑剂、表面活性剂和其他添加剂对切削液润滑性能的影响,筛选出最优的微乳化切削液配方(以质量分数表示):环烷基基础油30.0%,改性有机醇类螯合剂1.5%,复合缓蚀剂2.5%,三乙醇胺8.0%,长碳链多元羧酸防锈剂5.0%,聚合油酸合成酯润滑剂16.0%,多元油酸合成酯润滑剂6.0%,AEO类脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂2.5%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类乳化型低泡表面活性剂3.0%,杀菌剂1.0%,消泡剂0.1%,水24.4%。所开发的镁合金微乳化切削液在润滑、抗硬水、防腐防锈、消泡性能以及使用寿命等各项性能指标方面皆优于市售的Castrol和Master产品,且价格便宜,其生物降解率为92%,抗硬水能力可达8 330 mg/L,属于绿色环保、高效实用的镁合金加工专用微乳化切削液。     

水成膜泡沫灭火剂生物降解研究

采用二氧化碳产生法测定了水成膜泡沫灭火剂的28 d生物降解性能,考察抑茵剂甲醛及灭火剂浓度对水成膜泡沫灭火剂生物降解率的影响.试验结果表明,添加甲醛及在一定范围内改变灭火剂浓度均不会影响水成膜泡沫灭火剂的生物降解率.从灭火剂组成成分角度分析了尽管含有难降解的氟碳表面活性剂,但水成膜泡沫灭火剂整体表现出易于生物降解的原因.     

Effects of Introducing Crude and Modified Soybean Oil into Polyurethane Structures on the Soil-Burial Biodegradation Process

Synthetic and natural acrylate oligomers blends and their blends with different ratios of crude soybean oil were studied as environmentally degradable and eco-compatible materials. Two of the components acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and crude soybean oil are bio-sourced oligomers. Their biodegradability under soil burial in natural condition was characterized by FT-IR and mechanical properties and was further confirmed by SEM analyses. A high content of modified and crude soybean oil present in the sample composition had enhanced the adhesion of microorganism onto the polymer surface, which in turn resulted in high biodegradation rates under soil burial conditions.     

烷基苯磺酸钠定量结构与生物降解性关系研究

由分子结构算出164个电子、组成、几何和拓扑描述符以及疏水部分的辛醇/水分配系数(f-log P),对19个直链烷基苯磺酸钠的生物降解性进行定量结构-生物降解性关系(QSBR)研究。经启发式算法变量筛选建立了MLR和PLS模型,结果表明,碳原子最小偏电荷(MC)、氢原子最大偏电荷(MH)、Gravitation指数、f-log P及分子形状描述符YZ Shadow可建立5参数模型,最佳MLR模型复相关系数R2为0.964、F值为70.47、S2为8.829及Rcv2为0.924。     

Effect of an emulsifying surfactant on diesel degradation by cultures exhibiting inducible cell surface hydrophobicity

BACKGROUND: Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment is often attributed to inherently slow degradation rates. This study was conducted to determine if diesel biodegradation by cultures exhibiting inducible cell surface hydrophobicity could be enhanced by addition of a chemical surfactant promoting emulsification. Experiments were designed to determine quantitatively the enhancement in diesel degradation caused by Triton X‐100 for two bacterial cultures, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum and Burkholderia cepacia. RESULTS: In the presence of Triton X‐100 at twice the critical micelle concentration (CMC) the extent of degradation in whole diesel in 5 days was 1.6–1.8 times that observed over 15 days with no surfactant. The enhancement in overall degradation of diesel range resolved peaks (DRRP, representing n‐alkanes and branched alkanes) was 1.76 and 1.26 times for E. aurantiacum and B. cepacia cultures respectively. Although an enhancement in decay rate was observed for all n‐alkane components, it was most significant for C19, C25 and pristane. CONCLUSION: For cultures exhibiting direct interfacial uptake, the beneficial effect of an emulsifying surfactant found here is in contrast to earlier studies reporting a detrimental effect due to detachment of cells from the oil/water interface. Surfactant addition may have significant potential in enhancing degradation of the more recalcitrant components. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

降解性高分子材料的研究与开发现状

论述了光降解、生物降解和光－生物降解高分子材料的类型、性能及应用，总结了存在的问题，并提出了发展方向和建议。     

N-油酰基丙氨酸润滑添加剂的性能研究

 将油酸酰氯和丙氨酸在碱性溶液中反应制备N-油酰基丙氨酸. 考察了N-油酰基丙氨酸作为润滑油添加剂对HVI350矿物基础油的生物降解性能的影响, 并采用四球摩擦磨损试验考察了N-油酰基丙氨酸在HVI350矿物基础油中的摩擦磨损性能. 结果表明, N-油酰基丙氨酸作为矿物油添加剂能大大提高矿物油生物降解性, 表现出一定的抗磨减摩性能, 并且具有优良的抗腐蚀性和防锈性, 是一种环境友好型的多功能润滑油添加剂.