秦岭植物在西安园林建设中的应用

秦岭是我国生物多样性重点保护地区和珍稀、特有植物宝库之一,其中园林观赏植物品质优良、种类繁多。结合秦岭优良园林观赏植物、特有植物的特点及其近10年来在西安地区园林建设中的应用,综合分析了秦岭植物在西安地区生态园林城市建设中的作用、价值和应用前景,为进一步丰富陕西关中生态园林城市建设的优良品种,提高生态园林城市建设的生物多样性和城市的生态功能,营造与自然更加和谐优美的城市生态环境提供依据。     

Evaluation of confidence limit estimates of cluster analysis on molecular marker data

BACKGROUND: Diversity studies employ cluster analysis as a statistical tool, whereby relationships between individuals are shown in a dendrogram, mostly accompanied by bootstrap support for merging branches to indicate confidence limits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the currently applied method of obtaining confidence limit estimates in cluster analysis and to propose an improved alternative bootstrap method. RESULTS: It was illustrated via a simulation study that conventional bootstrap support for cluster analysis was affected by the sample size. The reliability of merging branches decreased with increasing number of individuals in the sample. Unlike the current bootstrap support for cluster analysis, the proposed method provides confidence intervals for the similarity coefficients between individuals. To facilitate the interpretation of similarity coefficients and confidence intervals, alternative graphical presentations are proposed for both ‘similarity coefficients’ and ‘confidence interval range’. CONCLUSION: The proposed bootstrap method is not affected by the number of individuals in the sample. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Current practice in biodiversity impact assessment and prospects for developing an integrated process

Irish guidance for Integrated Biodiversity Impact Assessment provides a methodological approach for integrating impact assessment requirements, with regard to biodiversity, under EU and Irish legislation. Preparation of the guidance was supported by extensive consultation, including international and national surveys. These offered insights into the issues affecting the treatment of biodiversity in impact assessment practice as well as expert opinion on factors affecting and supporting the development of a more integrated and adaptive approach. This paper contrasts the international literature with the consultation feedback. Among other aspects, the results highlight the requirement for an improved application of evidence-based assessment techniques, continuity in monitoring, enhanced information exchange between scientists, assessors and proponents, as well as increased awareness amongst stakeholders for inclusion of appropriate biodiversity protection objectives and mitigation in final planning decisions. Comparative analysis of results indicates that current practice is characterized by limited information exchange and the use of in-house databases in assessments. A central spatial data repository is identified as key for quantitatively assessing (cumulative) effects through Geographic Information Systems, and thus supporting evidence-informed decision-making towards biodiversity conservation.     

耐高温酵母菌的筛选及其乙醇发酵特性

采用平板分离法,从29 份新鲜采集的土样中分离获得64 株耐高温酵母菌株,并对其在高温条件下的乙醇发酵性能进行了分析比较。26S rDNA D1/D2区域序列测定和生理特征分析结果表明,这些酵母菌株在亲缘关系上可归类于6 个属7 个种,分别为热带假丝酵母（Candida tropicalis）（占总分离株的39.1%）、马克斯克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromyces marxianus）（占23.4%）、东方伊萨酵母（Issatchenkia orientalis）（占29.7%）、季也蒙毕赤酵母（M. guilliermondii）（占1.6%）、Kazachstania bovina（占1.6%）、Candida palmioleophila（占1.6%）和酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（占3.1%）。其中,马克斯克鲁维酵母的耐高温能力和乙醇发酵能力最强;40 ℃条件下发酵72 h后,发酵液中乙醇体积分数最高可达6.56%,显著高于相同条件下其他耐高温酵母的乙醇产量。上述结果表明,马克斯克鲁维酵母在高温乙醇发酵过程中具有明显优势,可作为利用生物质发酵生产乙醇的优良候选菌株。     

某金矿采选项目周边水域环境现状调查与评价

湖北省咸宁市嘉鱼县某金矿采选项目多年开采对周边水域造成了一定的污染影响,为评估矿山周边水环境质量现状,2014年对周边水域的底泥环境质量现状、浮游动植物组成和丰度进行调查,利用浮游动植物群落多样性指数进行水质评价。结果表明底泥满足土壤环境质量标准》GB15618-1995中的三级标准;检出浮游植物110余种,主要为蓝藻-绿藻型;浮游动物18种,主要优势种为无节幼体、长肢秀体蚤、长腹剑水蚤等;各监测点浮游动植物的 Shannon-Weaver 指数和Simpson指数均低于3,所反映的水体质量在轻-中度污染之间。     

A Focus on Quality and Safety Traits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Uva di Troia Grape Variety

The aim of this work was to study Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from vineyards of the autochthonous grape variety “Uva di Troia” located in different geographical areas of Apulian region (Southern Italy). Four hundred isolates were studied in relation to H₂S production, β‐glucosidase activity, and pigments adsorption from grape skin. Thus, 81 isolates were selected, identified through the amplification of the interdelta region, and grouped in 19 biotypes (from I to XIX). The enological performances were assessed to determine the content of residual sugars, ethanol, glycerol, and volatile acidity, after a microfermentation in Uva di Troia must for each isolate. The ability to remove ochratoxin A (OTA) was studied as an additional tool to select promising strains. A geographical‐dependent technological variability was found for glycerol and volatile acidity, suggesting that the different indigenous yeasts can have a peculiar impact on the final characteristics of the corresponding wine (“Nero di Troia”). Only 2 biotypes (VI and XVII) were able to remove OTA throughout fermentation, with the highest reduction achieved by the biotype XVII (ca. 30%).     

沙城龙眼葡萄园土壤中酵母菌多样性研究

为分离筛选具有产区特色的菌种,本实验采用梯度稀释和划线分离技术,从沙城地区3 个龙眼葡萄园土壤中共分离得到210 株酵母菌。按照形态表型分为9 类,又利用核糖体5.8S rDNA-ITS 区域RFLP 方法将这9 类酵母在分子水平上进行了区分,其中两类酵母为常见酵母,分别为东方伊萨酵母(Issatchenkia orientalis)和热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)。实验证明了该地区土壤中酵母菌的多样性。     

2020年后全球生物多样性框架下中国荒野地的系统性保护策略

荒野地,是大面积的、保留原貌或被轻微改变的自然区域,具有保护生物多样性和维持生态系统服务等多元价值,因此具有重要的保护意义。在“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”中,荒野保护是重要的行动目标之一。在此新背景下,分析了中国荒野地保护中存在的五大现状问题,包括荒野价值认知不足、荒野本底状态不清、荒野保护空缺明显、荒野地破碎化严重、荒野地管理质量较低。在此基础上,提出了中国荒野地保护的目标和系统性保护策略(包括主流化策略、普查策略、全域分级保护策略、连通策略和提质策略),以及相应的12项行动建议,有望为我国开展系统性的荒野保护提供思路。     

郑州市郑东新区生态湿地规划及生物多样性保护研究

城市湿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,具有多种社会经济功能和环境生态效益.对郑州市郑东新区的人工湿地规划,基于对湿地景观的保护与利用并满足城市居民的文化娱乐需要,提出了一些城市生态湿地规划中生物多样性保护的具体措施,可为相似工程参考.