Effects of the cryogenic cooling on the fatigue strength of the AISI 304 stainless steel ground components

For environmental considerations, the substitution of the conventionally used oil-based grinding fluids has nowadays become strongly recommended. Although several alternatives have been proposed, cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen is the non-polluting coolant that has been given relatively more attention because of its very low temperature. In this investigation, in order to contribute to developing this promising cooling mode, its beneficial effects on the ground surface integrity of the AISI 304 stainless steel and their consequences on the fatigue lifetime are explored. Results of this investigation show that grinding under cryogenic cooling mode generates surfaces with lower roughness, less defects, higher work hardening and less tensile residual stresses than those obtained on surfaces ground under oil-based grinding fluid. These surface enhancements result into substantial improvements in the fatigue behaviour of components ground under this cooling mode. An increasing rate of almost 15% of the endurance limit at 2 × 10⁶ cycles could be realized. SEM analyses of the fatigue fracture surfaces have shown that the fatigue cracks observed on the specimens ground under cryogenic cooling are shorter (i.e., 30-50 μm) than those generated under oil-based cooling mode (i.e., 150-200 μm). The realized improvements in the surface integrity and in the fatigue behaviour are thought to be related to the reduction of the grinding zone temperature observed under cryogenic cooling, as no significant differences between the grinding force components for both cooling modes have been observed.     

云存储安全增强系统的设计与实现

云存储是一种新型的网络存储形式,并逐步为大家所接受,企业和个人用户都开始使用云存储作为其网络存储媒介。目前很多著名的IT企业都推出了云存储服务,其中Amazon公司推出的SimpleStorageService（S3）就是商用云存储服务的典型代表。随着云存储的广泛使用,云存储中数据的安全问题,如数据泄漏和数据篡改,也成了用户广泛关注的问题。文章基于Amazons3的云存储服务,设计并实现了一款云存储安全增强系统,对用户上传至Amazons3的数据进行加密保护,使得文件以密文形式存储于Amazons3,可以有效防止数据在传输和存储过程中的泄漏;同时系统还对从s3下栽的文件进行完整性校验,检测其内容与上传时是否一致,以防止文件被篡改;最后,系统还提供了多用户访问控制支持,多个用户可以共享同一个S3账号,同时保证各自存储的内容互相隔离,禁止一个用户非授权访问其他用户存储的文件。     

The Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and BTP-2 on Acute Lung Injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) afflicts approximately 200,000 patients annually and has a 40% mortality rate. The COVID-19 pandemic has massively increased the rate of ALI incidence. The pathogenesis of ALI involves tissue damage from invading microbes and, in severe cases, the overexpression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). This study aimed to develop a therapy to normalize the excess production of inflammatory cytokines and promote tissue repair in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Based on our previous studies, we tested the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and BTP-2 therapies. IGF-I was selected, because we and others have shown that elevated inflammatory cytokines suppress the expression of growth hormone receptors in the liver, leading to a decrease in the circulating IGF-I. IGF-I is a growth factor that increases vascular protection, enhances tissue repair, and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is also required to produce anti-inflammatory 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. BTP-2, an inhibitor of cytosolic calcium, was used to suppress the LPS-induced increase in cytosolic calcium, which otherwise leads to an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. We showed that LPS increased the expression of the primary inflammatory mediators such as toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4), IL-1β, interleukin-17 (IL-17), TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which were normalized by the IGF-I + BTP-2 dual therapy in the lungs, along with improved vascular gene expression markers. The histologic lung injury score was markedly elevated by LPS and reduced to normal by the combination therapy. In conclusion, the LPS-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines, vascular injuries, and lung injuries were all improved by IGF-I + BTP-2 combination therapy.     

Interplay between Coumarin Accumulation,Iron Deficiency and Plant Resistance to Dickeya spp.

Coumarins belong to a group of secondary metabolites well known for their high biological activities including antibacterial and antifungal properties. Recently, an important role of coumarins in plant resistance to pathogens and their release into the rhizosphere upon pathogen infection was discovered. It is also well documented that coumarins play a crucial role in the Arabidopsis thaliana growth under Fe-limited conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying interplay between plant resistance, accumulation of coumarins and Fe status, remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the effect of both mentioned factors on the disease severity using the model system of Arabidopsis/Dickeya spp. molecular interactions. We evaluated the disease symptoms in Arabidopsis plants, wild-type Col-0 and its mutants defective in coumarin accumulation, grown in hydroponic cultures with contrasting Fe regimes and in soil mixes. Under all tested conditions, Arabidopsis plants inoculated with Dickeya solani IFB0099 strain developed more severe disease symptoms compared to lines inoculated with Dickeya dadantii 3937. We also showed that the expression of genes encoding plant stress markers were strongly affected by D. solani IFB0099 infection. Interestingly, the response of plants to D. dadantii 3937 infection was genotype-dependent in Fe-deficient hydroponic solution.     

Surface integrity in finish hard turning of case-hardened steels

Highly stressed steel components, e.g., gears and bearing parts, are appropriate applications for hard turning. Therefore, the process effects on significant engineering properties of work materials have to be carefully analyzed. Roughness, residual stresses, and white layers as parts of surface integrity, are functions of the machining parameters and of the cuttability of the cutting edge, i.e. of the tool wear.The aim of this work was to study the influence of feed rate, cutting speed, and tool wear on the effects induced by hard turning on case-hardened 27MnCr5 gear conebrakes and to point out the technical limitations in mass production.     

一种基于固件的云系统策略文件完整性安全机制

针对云系统服务器之间共享策略文件所面临的完整性安全威胁,提出一种新的基于固件的策略安全机制。该机制可在云系统服务器平台之间安全且快速地进行共享策略文件交互,并可对共享策略文件进行完整性校验,进而提高协同工作的服务器所共享策略文件的安全性。实验结果表明,该机制有效实现了云系统环境下共享策略文件的完整性安全,同时提高了云系统管理员的管理效率。     

可信网络中基于信誉和风险评估的动态信任模型*

针对可信网络不能有效处理恶意节点攻击的问题,综合考虑信任度评估的动态性和风险性,提出一种新的基于信誉和风险评估的动态信任模型。该模型引入惩罚机制、风险机制和推荐实体信任度更新机制,以评估信任关系的复杂性,通过构建直接信任树以存储节点的交互关系,并采用改进的回溯法寻找最佳推荐路径。仿真结果表明,该模型在有效抑制恶意节点上较已有模型有一定的改进。     

一种灵活的强制完整性访问控制策略

完整性保护是计算机安全的一项重要内容,虽然绝大多数安全操作系统都设计实现了完整性保护机制,但仍存在着系统的完整性被破坏以及完整性策略不够灵活的不足。在实施完整性保护的基本原则下,提出了一种灵活的完整性访问控制策略FIC,并给出了在LSM框架下的实现过程。FIC定义了主完整级和辅助完整级,通过访问控制规则、进程再标记规则和新建客体标记规则,实现了系统的完整性保护以及进程执行的灵活完整性保护控制。最后分析了实现效果,并指出了进一步可扩展性研究需求。     

切削加工表面完整性建模现状与发展趋势

针对切削加工表面完整性建模方法种类繁多且相互关系揭示不明等问题,总结了各表面完整性指标,包括表面形貌、残余应力、加工硬化和相变的主要建模方法,并从各建模方法的应用范围以及主要成果的角度概括了表面完整性建模的研究现状.论述了解析建模与数值建模方法在预测表面完整性各指标时的优缺点及内在联系,重点分析了数值模拟技术在表面完整性建模中的作用.指出了国内外表面完整性研究体系的区别及联系,并对表面完整性建模的发展方向作了展望.