Numerical Modeling of Grain Boundary Effects in the Diffusional Creep of Copper Interconnect Lines

We propose a numerical simulation technique to model the process of diffusional creep and stress relaxation that occurs in Cu-damascene interconnects of integrated circuit devices in processing stage. The mass flow problem is coupled to the stress analysis through vacancy flux and equilibrium vacancy concentration. The technique is implemented in a software package that seamlessly integrates the problem-oriented code with commercially available finite element program MSC.Marc. It is utilized to model the Coble creep phenomenon by introducing the nanoscale grain boundary region having the thickness on the order of several layers of atoms. As an illustration, the two-dimensional problem of stress relaxation in a single grain subjected to prescribed displacements and tractions is examined.     

Perturbation method of the piezoelectric fracture mechanics considering the permittivity of the medium in the crack gap

In this paper, the problem of the cracks with arbitrary forms in piezoelectric material is studied. The permittivity of the medium in the crack gap is considered. Except the collinear cracks, this boundary condition is too difficult to deal with; therefore, a perturbation method is recommended. By the way, the electric boundary conditions of electric fracture mechanics are discussed. For example, a small parameter solution of a crack is given and compared with the known `exact' (it will be discussed later) solution. This result shows that the impermeable or permeable conditions are only the boundary conditions for the first approximations of the perturbation solutions.     

Influence of grain boundaries on short crack growth behaviour of IGSCC

Understanding short crack behaviour is essential for predicting the lifetime of light water reactor components. However, crack growth rates of short cracks are unsteady due to microstructural obstacles such as grain boundaries. On the other hand, the statistical behaviour of short cracks can be deduced from crack size distributions. Some papers have pointed out that the crack size distributions obtained by stress corrosion cracking tests showed a kink in the distribution line. This kink suggests that the short crack growth rate is slow compared with that of long cracks. And it can be thought that the slow growth rate is caused by the microstructural obstacles. This study investigated the influence of grain boundaries on the short crack growth behaviour of intergranular stress corrosion cracking. A crack growth simulation model, which considered the mechanical effects of the crack kink and bifurcation by grain boundaries, was developed. The crack depth distribution obtained by the simulation also exhibited a kink in the distribution line as seen in the experimental results. This suggests that grain boundaries play an important role in short crack growth behaviour.     

断路器在线机械状态的信息处理

介绍了一种断路器机械状态在线监测与诊断的方法。通过分析同步采集到的振动信号、线圈电流以及断路器的分、合信号,可提取其特征信息量(即指纹信息),并据此对断路器的机械状态作出判断。     

发电设备状态检修平台总体方案的研究与探讨

针对国内大多数火力发电厂设备检修的现状,详述了状态检修的概念,并针对电厂设备提出了一套完整的状态检修平台的设计方案,采用模块化结构的设计思想,平台界面友好、使用方便,为电厂实现真正意义上的状态检修提供一种可行性方案。     

气体-颗粒两相流动力学及其在气溶胶采样中的应用

大气颗粒物切割器的工作原理主要是重力沉降、离心分离和冲击分离,是气体-颗粒物两相流的动力学分离过程.气固两相流动力学方程可以较方便地用来分析大气颗粒物在切割器中的运动轨迹,具体计算过程中阻力系数CD和边界条件应根据具体情况分析选定.本文给出了两个利用数值计算模拟切割器工作的例子,对采样仪的采样效率、切割粒径及切割器结构尺寸等设计参数对切割粒径的影响进行计算,表明两相流动力学是对采样切割器中颗粒物的运动进行数值模拟的有效工具,能对采样仪、切割器的设计、制造提供有力的帮助.     

降低高炉槽下返矿率的生产实践

本文分析了槽下返矿率高的原因及其不利影响。烧结厂通过加强各方面的管理和进行设备技术改造，使槽下返矿率明显下降，取得了明显的效果和经济效益。     

Mood-Induced Increases in Alcohol Expectancy Strength in Internally Motivated Drinkers.

This study investigated whether exposure to musical mood induction procedures (MMIP) differentially increases the strength of specific alcohol expectancies for coping motivated (CM) versus enhancement motivated (EM) drinkers. Participants were 86 undergraduates who had elevated scores on either the CM or EM subscale of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (M. L. Cooper, 1994). Participants were randomly assigned to either a positive or negative mood condition. The Alcohol Craving Questionnaire (E. G. Singleton, S. T. Tiffany, & J. E. Henningfield, 1994) was administered at baseline and after MMIP to assess phasic changes in alcohol expectancy strength. Consistent with hypotheses, only CM drinkers in the negative mood condition reported increased relief expectancies, and only EM drinkers in the positive mood condition reported increased reward expectancies. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

'It's the end of the world as we know it': Threat and the spatial-symbolic self": Correction to Burris and Rempel (2004).

Reports an error in 'It's the End of the World as We Know It': Threat and the Spatial-Symbolic Self" by Christopher T. Burris and John K. Rempel (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004[Jan], Vol 86[1], 19-42). The article contained two errors. On page 35, second column, line 14, two of the word fragments are notated incorrectly. The word shown as s[k]ull should be sk[u]ll, and the word shown as as[h]es should be as[h]e[s]. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2003-11198-002.) According to amoebic self theory, the boundary defining the self encompasses 3 levels of self-representation--bodily, social, and spatial-symbolic. Study 1 related a newly developed measure of individual differences in sensitivity to boundary threat across these 3 domains to values and disgust sensitivity. Four subsequent studies focused on spatial-symbolic threat sensitivity and related it to right-wing authoritarianism, aversive reactions to unfamiliar out-groups, and revulsion to vermin. A final experiment illustrates how a salient spatial-symbolic threat (dust mites) can elicit reactions toward out-groups that closely parallel mortality salience effects observed in research inspired by terror management theory, even though dust mites do not elicit mortality concerns. The importance of preserving the familiar in order to preserve the self is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种因果的突变镜头检测方法

通常镜头检测算法在进行镜头检测时都要利用前后若干帧的信息,该文提出了一种因果的突变镜头检测方法,只利用当前帧之前有限长度内帧的信息。利用两帧之间3×3分块后对应区间HSV直方图间的距离,应用加权系数来计算帧间差值。运用位于当前帧前的一个可变长的滑动窗口来进行突变镜头检测,并对静止镜头进行了处理。该文最后给出了算法的完整流程并进行了试验,试验结果表明该算法的检测准确率达到了95%,并对推拉镜头具有一定的鲁棒性。