Design of sustainable V-based hydrogen separation membranes based on grain boundary segregation

Inter-diffusion between vanadium and palladium coating layers in vanadium-based hydrogen separation membranes is investigated by using a computational approach based on first-principles calculations and semi-empirical atomistic simulations, paying attention to the surface stability and the prevention of the degradation of hydrogen permeability. It is found that the governing mechanism of the inter-diffusion is the grain boundary diffusion, and therefore a diffusion barrier based on the grain boundary segregation of impurities can be an efficient way to inhibit the inter-diffusion that causes the degradation. An interesting aspect in previous experimental works that showed a good resistance to the inter-diffusion by an addition of a trace amount of yttrium is discussed from the view point of the grain boundary segregation. An experiment that proves the validity of the present alloy design scheme (inhibition of inter-diffusion using grain boundary segregation) is carried out, and a process to maximize the sustainability of the membrane is also proposed.     

Numerical simulation of rime ice accretion process on an airfoil

To simulate the ice accretion on an airfoil, a boundary moving technique is proposed to deal with the distortion of the airfoil surface due to ice accretion on the leading edge. Incorporating the two‐phase model of air‐supercooled droplets in the Eulerian coordinate system, this technique is applied to simulate the process of the rime ice accretion (the droplets freeze at the instant impinging on the airfoil) on the NACA 0012 airfoil, and the ice profile after ice accretion is achieved successfully. A brief comparison between the results of this paper and the experiment data indicates that the current method is applicable and effective. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(4): 226–234, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20064     

沥青路面典型预养护技术措施研究

在借鉴国外预养护技术的基础上，根据我国沥青路面的特点和养护技术现状，推荐稀浆封层等7种技术措施作为我国沥青路面典型预养护对策，并就这些措施的技术特点、功能与适用条件进行了深入的分析与系统的总结，从而推广这些预养护技术的应用。     

Weight loss of frozen bread dough under isothermal and fluctuating temperature storage conditions

Evaporative weight loss from food leads to both loss of saleable weight and quality deterioration so it need to be minimized. The effect of isothermal and fluctuating conditions on frozen dough weight loss was measured and compared with kinetic, physical and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Frozen dough samples were regularly weighed during storage for up to 112 days in loose-fitting plastic bags. The storage temperatures were in the range of −8 to −25 °C with fluctuations of ±0.1 °C (isothermal), ±1, ±3 or ±5 °C about the mean. For each combination of temperature and fluctuation amplitude, the rate of dough weight loss was constant. The rate of weight loss at constant temperature was nearly proportional to water vapour pressure consistent with standard theories for evaporative weight loss from packaged foods but was also accurately fitted by Arrhenius kinetics. Weight loss increased with amplitude of temperature fluctuations. The increase could not be fully explained by either the physic model based on water vapour pressure differences or the kinetic model alone. An ANN model with six neurons in the input layer, six neurons in hidden layers and one neuron in the output layer, achieved a good fit between experimental and predicted data for all trials. However, the ANN model may not be accurate for product, packaging and storage systems different to that studied.     

欧盟空气源多功能热泵能效及生态设计法规研究

针对欧盟空气源多功能热泵生态设计法规和能源标签法规,本文结合法规EU No.811/2013、EU No.813/2013进行了研究分析,并结合EN 14825-2013和EN16147-2011对相关的测试条件进行总结。以便读者更好了解空气源多功能热泵能效的法规要求。     

基于贝叶斯网络的多状态变压器可靠性跟踪分析

大型电力变压器是输变电系统的关键设备,其可靠性直接关系到电网的安全稳定运行。为了提高变压器可靠性跟踪分析的效率,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的多状态变压器可靠性跟踪分析方法。给出了适用于多状态变压器的不可靠性指标跟踪算法。根据相关参考文献、专家经验及数据搜集,首次从部件的角度构建了电力变压器贝叶斯网络模型。结合可靠性指标统计,对变压器可靠性进行了跟踪分析,确定了影响变压器可靠性的关键部件,辨识了变压器薄弱环节。通过运用贝叶斯网络对变压器可靠性进行跟踪分析,为变压器的状态维修及全寿命周期管理提供了理论和数据支持。     

基于本体和云模型的电能质量信息状态监测平台

提出了一种适用于智能电网的电能质量信息状态监测平台。将本体技术引入到该平台建设中,建立了电能质量信息状态监测领域的领域本体,借助该领域本体可以实现电能质量信息的快速检索。建立的电能质量信息状态监测检索引擎可以在领域本体的指导下从电能质量数据库中提取出符合条件的数据集合,再将定制处理后的检索结果返回给用户。平台引入了云模型技术,基于云模型完成对电能质量信息的诊断,以实现电能质量信息的状态诊断和实时监测。实例展示介绍了平台的操作界面和具体实现界面,可见该平台具有一定的工程实用价值。     

基于IEC 61850的配网成套开关状态监测系统研制

为提高配网自动化资产管理水平,针对配网成套开关,研制出一种基于IEC 61850的状态监测系统。系统由就地传感器网络、状态监测IED(智能电子设备Intelligent Electronic Device,以下简称IED)、状态监测诊断系统组成,对配电成套开关设备的机械特性、热特性、绝缘特性进行监测、分析和诊断。状态监测系统遵循IEC 61850第二版状态监测逻辑节点建模,对内、对外通信采用IEC 61850标准通信服务,做到与配网自动化系统无缝结合,可与配电自动化终端(Distribution Terminal Unit,DTU)、配网自动化信息互动。实际工程应用效果表明,监测系统是有效和实用的,可对配网设备提出维护建议,极大减轻维护人员的负担,为配网馈线自动化、自愈功能提供一次设备状态信息,从而加快智能配电网建设。     

智能变电站过程层设备及二次回路优化研究

本文分析了合并单元智能终端集成装置实现的可行性和方法,研究了智能终端整合状态监测参量的可行性和方案,对智能终端和断路器二次回路进行了优化整合;本文对有载调压二次控制回路进行了整合和智能化方案研究,通过可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)和变频控制,对变压器冷却系统实现了智能化。     

Linear circuits: a measurement‐based approach

This paper proposes a new measurement‐based approach that can solve synthesis problems in unknown linear circuits. The method makes use of a small number of measurements to determine the functional dependency of any circuit signal or variable on any set of design variables. Once the functional dependency is obtained, the design requirements can be applied to find the design parameter values. The results are described for linear direct current and alternating current circuits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.