不同黏结条件下SMA驱动混凝土柱轴压试验研究

对相同混凝土配合比的5组混凝土柱(1组全黏结SMA(形状记忆合金)驱动混凝土柱,1组半黏结SMA驱动混凝土柱,1组无黏结SMA驱动混凝土柱,1组全黏结SMA未驱动混凝土柱,1组素混凝土柱)进行了轴压试验研究,比较分析了5组混凝土柱的纵向应变、横向应变、极限荷载、裂现荷载等轴压性能.结果表明:SMA混凝土柱抗裂性能大小顺序为:半黏结SMA驱动混凝土柱＞全黏结SMA驱动混凝土柱＞无黏结SMA驱动混凝土柱＞全黏结SMA未驱动混凝土柱;SMA混凝土柱的极限荷载大致相等,并且都比素混凝土柱大;SMA螺旋箍筋与混凝土半黏结将有利于SMA螺旋箍筋对混凝土柱施加预应力;可利用SMA螺旋箍筋对混凝土柱施加较大的预应力,实现对混凝土柱的变形控制.     

Designing bridge maintenance on the network and project levels

If management is perceived as the execution of informed decisions, bridge management supplies the decision support. Ideally, its task should fall in the domain of optimisation; however, the constraints and objectives for such a treatment frequently diverge between the network and the project levels. Nevertheless, working models are in evidence. Over the last 15 years New York City appears to have maintained an equilibrium between the average bridge condition ratings of its 800 bridges and the related capital expenditures. Management must therefore inquire if these expenditures can be rendered more effective. The particular contribution of preventive maintenance (PM) to this ‘steady state’ is explored with several objectives. An attempt is made to compare the relative cost-effectiveness of different maintenance tasks. The information needed in order to verify such comparisons to a satisfactory degree is identified, as are the strengths and limitations of the network (top-down) and project (ground-up) management viewpoints. Recommendations about short- and long-term maintenance strategies are formulated.     

山西省地面沉降与地裂缝防治现状

对山西省地裂缝、地面沉降的分布规律、成因及灾害损失进行了分析,总结了山西省地质调查与监测工作取得的成果,并针对缓变形地质灾害防治工作存在的问题提出了今后防灾减灾工作的有效方法和措施,为山西省地质灾害调查、监测及防治工作提供了工作依据.     

山地城市空间形态生长特征分析

山地城市由于其周围复杂的地形地貌条件,其空间生长比之平原城市,具有较大不同,往往呈渐进式和跳跃式两种方式交替拓展.通过聚焦城市边界,并以此来构建城市模型,可以进一步深入分析山地城市形态生长的内在机理.山地城市在其生长过程中具有跨越生长、循环生长的特征,并且要经历两次大的跨越,历经三个阶段.据此,山地城市形态生长可以通过合理的规划手段来调节城市边界力量的平衡,进行有效引导,以促进其健康生长.     

Effects of mixing techniques and dentin moisture conditions on push-out bond strength of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine

Objective: To evaluate the influence of manual and mechanical mixing techniques as well as the effects of moisture on the push-out bond strength of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) to radicular dentin.

Material and methods: Two hundred and forty dentin discs were assigned into three groups with respect to the moisture condition tested: (1) dry, (2) paper points, (3) wet. The discs were further divided into four subgroups according to the calcium silicate cements (CSCs) and mixing techniques used: (1) ProRoot MTA mixed manually, (2) ProRoot MTA mixed mechanically, (3) Biodentine mixed manually, and (4) Biodentine mixed mechanically. Bond strengths of the cements to root canal dentin were measured using a push-out test setup. The data were statistically analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test p = 0.05.

Results: The data indicated that the push-out bond strength values were significantly affected by CSCs, mixing techniques, and moisture conditions (p < 0.001). Dry conditions caused a significant decrease in bond strength values for both CSCs (p < 0.001). The mean bond strength of Biodentine was significantly higher than that of ProRoot MTA, regardless of the mixing techniques and moisture conditions (p < 0.001). Mechanical mixing favored bond strength values statistically compared to manual mixing (p < .001).

Conclusion: The mixing techniques and moisture conditions have an effect on the push-out bond strengths of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. Dry samples and manual mixing of cements deteriorate the push-out bond strengths values.     

基于STC单片机的抽油机便携式工况分析仪

以STC12C5A系列单片机为核心设计了一个抽油机便携式工况分析仪,给出了硬件电路设计和软件设计。分析仪通过电压和电流互感器采集抽油机电参数,通过红外光电反射式传感器采集抽油机电机转速,将采集到的数据通过曲线的形式在液晶屏显示并保存到分析仪的存储器上。同时分析仪通过计算给出平衡调整建议。此外,分析仪还可以通过串口与PC实现数据通信,把采集到的数据传输到上位机上。     

影响胶料中游离硫含量变化关键因素的研究

本文主要介绍利用高效液相色谱法对胶料中游离的可溶性硫含量的测试方法。并模拟混炼与压延生产工艺生产条件,考察影响胶料中游离的可溶性硫含量的关键因素,为实际生产工艺条件的选择与调变提供技术支撑。     

不同温度时效后Ni-20Cr-18W-1Mo合金晶界偏聚及力学性能研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)和高温力学试验机等手段,研究了不同时效温度(200-800 °C)对Ni-20Cr-18W-1Mo高温合金的元素晶界偏聚和力学性能的影响。结果表明,硫、磷元素的晶界偏聚临界时间随时效温度升高而降低;时效温度对元素在晶界和晶内的成分分布有显著的影响;实验合金的抗拉强度和延伸率随时效温度升高而降低。分析发现,硫、磷元素在晶界中的含量随时效温度升高而增大直至两者分别在650和400 °C时达到峰值,是合金在200-600 °C区间内力学性能降低的重要原因。     

基于弹流理论的风电主轴承润滑状态分析

基于Hertz接触理论,对联合载荷作用下滚子-滚道进行接触分析,同时基于弹流润滑理论,建立风电主轴承润滑状态理论分析模型;以某型兆瓦级风电主轴承为例,采用该模型研究其极限工况下滚子-滚道接触载荷和接触应力分布、最大受载滚子沿素线方向的接触应力和接触载荷分布以及滚子-滚道接触处平均速度,并分析其在极限载荷工况下的润滑状态。结果表明:由于滚子端部应力集中,油膜沿素线呈现两端薄、中部厚特征;滚子-滚道沿素线油膜厚度与接触表面粗糙度处于同一数量级,接触表面质量对润滑状态有重要影响;改善轴承的润滑状态可从轴承结构、润滑参数及加工质量等方面入手。     

A new fault diagnosis algorithm for helical gears rotating at low speed using an optical encoder

Helical gears are widely used in gearboxes due to its low noise and high load carrying capacity, but it is difficult to diagnose their early faults based on the signals produced by condition monitoring systems, particularly when the gears rotate at low speed. In this paper, a new concept of Root Mean Square (RMS) value calculation using angle domain signals within small angular ranges is proposed. With this concept, a new diagnosis algorithm based on the time pulses of an encoder is developed to overcome the difficulty of fault diagnosis for helical gears at low rotational speeds. In this proposed algorithm, both acceleration signals and encoder impulse signal are acquired at the same time. The sampling rate and data length in angular domain are determined based on the rotational speed and size of the gear. The vibration signals in angular domain are obtained by re-sampling the vibration signal of the gear in the time domain according to the encoder pulse signal. The fault features of the helical gear at low rotational speed are then obtained with reference to the RMS values in small angular ranges and the order tracking spectrum following the Angular Domain Synchronous Average processing (ADSA). The new algorithm is not only able to reduce the noise and improves the signal to noise ratio by the ADSA method, but also extracts the features of helical gear fault from the meshing position of the faulty gear teeth, hence overcoming the difficulty of fault diagnosis of helical gears rotating at low speed. The experimental results have shown that the new algorithm is more effective than traditional diagnosis methods. The paper concludes that the proposed helical gear fault diagnosis method based on time pulses of encoder algorithm provides a new means of helical gear fault detection and diagnosis.