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101.
锦屏水电站锦屏山隧道开挖中面临高压大流量地下水、且富水地段长(约占隧道全长的40%)的难题。为安全、可靠地进行隧道施工,以注浆材料的适应性、超前帷幕注浆的参数及工艺为研究对象,对浆液做了大量配合比试验,分析其流动性、物理力学性能和凝结时间。研究结果表明:用纯水泥进行单液浆帷幕注浆,其可注性好,可大大地提高注浆加固效果;纯水泥+双液浆对局部小的渗漏水具有很好的封堵效果。对于低于2 MPa的压力水,注浆压力取2~3倍的静水压力;对于高于5 MPa的压力水,注浆压力取净水压力加2~3 MPa。对于在2~5 MPa之间的压力水,注浆压力可灵活选取,但不宜超过7 MPa,注浆应采用孔内循环灌注的方式。地下水发生在断层破碎带时,超前帷幕注浆宜采用全断面帷幕;若出水段以溶蚀裂隙、断层、管道为主宜采用有针对性的局部超前帷幕注浆。该技术成功解决了锦屏山隧道高压大流量地下水封堵的难题,对富水地层地下隧洞施工具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
102.
《Automatica》2014,50(11):2787-2798
This paper addresses the problem of feedback control design for a class of linear cascaded ordinary differential equation (ODE)–partial differential equation (PDE) systems via a boundary interconnection, where the ODE system is linear time-invariant and the PDE system is described by an Euler–Bernoulli beam (EBB) equation with variable coefficients. The objective of this paper is to design a static output feedback (SOF) controller via EBB boundary and ODE measurements such that the resulting closed-loop cascaded system is exponentially stable. The Lyapunov’s direct method is employed to derive the stabilization condition for the cascaded ODE–beam system, which is provided in terms of a set of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs). Furthermore, in order to compute the gain matrices of SOF controllers, a two-step procedure is presented to solve the BMI feasibility problem via the existing linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization techniques. Finally, the numerical simulation is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. 相似文献
103.
We address the problem of adaptive output-feedback stabilization of general first-order hyperbolic partial integro-differential equations (PIDE). Such systems are also referred to as PDEs with non-local (in space) terms. We apply control at one boundary, take measurements on the other boundary, and allow the system’s functional coefficients to be unknown. To deal with the absence of both full-state measurement and parameter knowledge, we introduce a pre-transformation (which happens to be based on backstepping) of the system into an observer canonical form. In that form, the problem of adaptive observer design becomes tractable. Both the parameter estimator and the control law employ only the input and output signals (and their histories over one unit of time). Prior to presenting the adaptive design, we present the non-adaptive/baseline controller, which is novel in its own right and facilitates the understanding of the more complex, adaptive system. The parameter estimator is of the gradient type, based on a parametric model in the form of an integral equation relating delayed values of the input and output. For the closed-loop system we establish boundedness of all signals, pointwise in space and time, and convergence of the PDE state to zero pointwise in space. We illustrate our result with a simulation. 相似文献
104.
The paper deals with state estimation of the nonlinear stochastic systems by means of the unscented Kalman filter with a focus on specification of the σ-points. Their position is influenced by two design parameters—the scaling parameter determining the spread of the σ-points and a covariance matrix decomposition determining rotation of the σ-points. In this paper, a choice of the scaling parameter is analyzed. It is shown that considering other values than the standard choice may lead to increased quality of the estimate, especially if the scaling parameter is adapted. Several different criteria for the adaptation are proposed and techniques to reduce computational costs of the adaptation are developed. The proposed algorithm of the unscented Kalman filter with advanced adaptation of the scaling parameter is illustrated in a numerical example. 相似文献
105.
本文阐述了折流杆换热器CAD系统的开发方法,包括:把大量线图、数表进行数据程序化,利用ADSRX技术、PDB界面设计技术和参数化图形设计技术对折流杆换热器的一百多种类型、三万多种规格的零部件进行了设计,将数据信息采用数据文件和数据库的方式进行了集成和管理,从而实现折流杆换热器工艺、机械、零部件子系统的集成。 相似文献
106.
针对涵闸工程混凝土温控防裂需要,研制了全自动化数字测温系统。该系统的硬件部分由数字式温度传感器、采集单元、GPRS DTU组成,软件部分包括中心服务器软件和客户端软件。系统实现了GPRS公用无线网络覆盖范围内无人值守、多测点远程测量和数据实时共享,具有体积小、无需布线、运行稳定、精度高等特点。经过实际工程多次应用,系统运行稳定可靠,达到预期性能。基于以上系统的测量数据,结合三维非稳定温度场数值计算,对特定工程的水化热参数进行了反演。规范给出普硅42.5水泥水化热参数为m=0.69,n=0.56;而根据实测数据反演的结果为m=1.85,n=0.79。根据两组参数分别进行了三维温度应力计算,得到完全不同的计算结果,前者温度应力未超标,后者多处超标需要采用温控防裂措施才能保证结构防裂安全。因此对实际工程进行温度监测和水化热参数反演是非常必要的。 相似文献
107.
This paper addresses the problem of designing controllers that are robust to a great uncertainty in a time constant of the plant. Plants must be represented by minimum phase rational transfer functions of an arbitrary order. The design specifications are: (1) a phase margin for the nominal plant, (2) a gain crossover frequency for the nominal plant, (3) zero steady state error to step commands, and (4) a constant phase margin for all the possible values of the time constant (T): 0<T<∞. We propose a theorem that defines the structure of the set of controllers that fulfil these specifications and show that it is necessary for these robust controllers to include a fractional-order PI term. Examples are developed for both stable and unstable plants, and the results are compared with a standard PI controller and a robust controller designed using the QFT methodology. 相似文献
108.
介绍 4 0 0 kt/ a硫酸系统电除雾器总体结构及工艺设计参数 ,投入运行后 ,除雾效率低 ,介绍对存在问题的分析及解决过程 ,并介绍 2点成功经验 相似文献
109.
本文续“UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性研究(Ⅰ)”,进一步研究了UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性,具体研究了[0°]、[90°]在拉伸破坏过程中声发射参数特征,并对拉伸破坏机理进行了初步的研究。 相似文献
110.
On board camera is the most important information source for driver assistant application which is based on computer vision. One problem for on board camera is that the external parameters are easy to be changed when moving on the road. Traditional method either calibrates external parameters offline or calibrates external parameters semi-online, which both need human intervention. By observation, it is found that corner connection of dotted road lane can form two groups of parallel lines. Using this geometric characteristics and through theoretical derivation, a novel online camera external parameter calibration method is proposed which focus on the situation when vehicle is moving. The pro of this method is that it maintains relatively high calculation accuracy and more important, it does not require any human intervention in whole calibration process. Experimental and comparison results show that this method is simple and have accurate results which fully meet the requirements of practical application. 相似文献