Programmed Death-Ligand 1 as a Regulator of Tumor Progression and Metastasis

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint has long been implicated in modeling antitumor immunity; PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibitors exert their antitumor effects by relieving PD-L1-mediated suppression on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. However, recent studies have unveiled a distinct, tumor-intrinsic, potential role for PD-L1. In this review, we focus on tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling and delve into preclinical evidence linking PD-L1 protein expression with features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, cancer stemness and known oncogenic pathways. We further summarize data from studies supporting the prognostic significance of PD-L1 in different tumor types. We show that PD-L1 may indeed have oncogenic potential and act as a regulator of tumor progression and metastasis.     

Proteins that underlie neoplastic progression of ulcerative colitis

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer. Because UC tumorigenesis is associated with genomic field defects that can extend throughout the entire colon, including the non‐dysplastic mucosa, we hypothesized that the same field defects will include abnormally expressed proteins. Here, we applied proteomics to study the protein expression of UC neoplastic progression. The protein profiles of colonic epithelium were compared with (i) UC patients without dysplasia (non‐progressors), (ii) non‐dysplastic colonic tissue from UC patient with high‐grade dysplasia or cancer (progressors), (iii) high‐grade dysplastic tissue from UC progressors, and (iv) normal colon. We identified differential protein expression associated with UC neoplastic progression. Proteins relating to mitochondria, oxidative activity, and calcium‐binding proteins were some of the interesting classes of these proteins. Network analysis discovered that Sp1 and c‐myc proteins may play roles in UC early and late stages of neoplastic progression, respectively. Two over‐expressed proteins in the non‐dysplastic tissue of UC progressors, carbamoyl‐phosphate synthase 1 and S100P, were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis. Our study provides insight into the molecular events associated with UC neoplastic progression, which could be exploited for the development of protein biomarkers in fields of non‐dysplastic mucosa that identify a patient's risk for UC dysplasia.     

期货市场交易成本对交易量的影响及降低交易成本的策略

从理论上就期货交易成本的降低对交易量的影响进行了定量研究，导出了交易成本降低对交易量有乘数放大效应的结论，即交易量＝交易资金／单位交易成本，这为期货市场降低交易成本、走规模经营之路提供了有效的方法和理论依据。特别是针对我国期货市场现状，在对深圳有色金属交易所等进行深入调研的基础上，提出了如何降低交易成本、增大交易量的若干策略，这对我国期货市场，特别是有色金属期货市场的发展有重要的参考价值。     

考虑水沙相互作用的河堤溃决二维数值模型

该文建立了洪水漫堤导致河堤溃决的平面二维水沙运动数值模型,以模拟溃口扩展和堤身冲刷的过程。该模型基于有限体积法、采用显式格式求解平面二维水流运动和非平衡全沙泥沙输移方程,并考虑了边坡崩塌、底床急剧变形以及高浓度泥沙输移对水流运动的影响。溃口处的混合流场采用HLL approxim ate Riemann solver处理,非黏性土溃口边坡的崩塌采用不同干、湿静止角处理。通过对英国HR Wallingford实验室一组实验的计算,结果表明该模型能较好地模拟非黏性土堤坝溃决过程中的溃口展宽、坝体冲刷、流场分布以及溃口流量过程线。对模型参数的敏感性分析显示了水沙耦合溃决模型的非线性特征。     

基于突变级数法的边坡地震稳定性综合评价

基于突变级数理论,对边坡她震的稳定性提出了一种综合评价方法.首先对边坡地震稳定性的评价目标进行多层次矛盾分解,并对数据归一化处理,利用突变理论与模糊数学相结合产生突变模糊隶属函数,由归一公式进行综合量化运算,得到总的隶属函数.从而进行边坡地震稳定性的分析评价.对16个典型的地震边坡作为预测样本进行了评价研究,并将得到的预测结果与灰色聚类法、综合指标法预测结果以及与边坡的实际震害程度进行比较.研究结果表明,突变级数法成功率高、客观性强,为边坡地震稳定性的研究提供了一条新思路.     

基于Clifford代数传感器网络覆盖理论的 平面目标覆盖分析

 平面目标覆盖问题是传感器网络对目标覆盖的基本问题之一.本文提出了基于Clifford代数传感器网络覆盖理论的平面目标覆盖分析方法,利用Clifford几何代数表示平面目标,并给出了传感器网络中节点对平面目标的覆盖率计算方法,通过该方法,提出基于平面目标的传感器网络最大间隙路径算法,通过实验验证其有效性和实用性.     

Application of copula method and neural networks for predicting peak outflow from breached embankments

The limited number of available data is a common problem in most hydrologic and hydraulic studies, typically dam breach analysis. Construction of a probabilistic model is a key step in most decision making analyses to overcome such limitation. To analyze peak outflow from breached embankments, this paper has utilized two sets of data, original and synthetic datasets. Original datasets were collected from numerous historical dam failures and synthetic datasets were generated by copula method after incorporating the dependence structure among effective variables (height and volume of water behind the dam at failure and peak outflow discharge). The databases were separately employed to train two artificial neural networks (ANNs) as well as two statistical relations. Analyzing the results showed that the ANN model trained with synthetic datasets was the most competitive model for predicting peak outflows having R² of 0.96 and 0.95 for calibration and testing steps, respectively. The other ANN model was also better than statistical relations with R² of 0.94 and 0.87 respectively for calibration and testing steps.     

溃坝应急措施和保障体系研究

在分析近年来避免溃坝造成人员伤亡的成功案例的基础上,对溃坝应急措施进行了分析,按功能可分为预防型措施、控制型措施和恢复型措施,并对其现状和法律依据进行了总结。探讨了应急保障体系的内容、发展方向,以及平时需要做的工作。从管理层面、技术层面、认识层面对应急措施和应急保障体系提出了建议和对策,对大坝安全管理工作有重要意义。     

云南鲁甸“8.03”地震红石岩堰塞湖应急处置的回顾与思考

2014年8月3日16∶30,云南省昭通市鲁甸县境内发生6.5级地震,震中烈度达Ⅸ度,震源深度12 km。地震引起了山体垮塌,在牛栏江干流形成堰塞湖,堰塞体总方量约1200万m^3,严重危及上下游人民生命财产安全及电站安全。笔者就红石岩堰塞湖的处置做了一个简单的回顾,对堰塞体溃坝风险、下游大坝及近坝库岸变形堆积体安全稳定做了初浅的分析,对处置过程中的不足进行了思考,希望从实战中积累经验,为类似事件处置提供借鉴。