Mechanics of Autonomous Gas-Dynamic Torpedo Motion in Loose Medium

A new technology is considered for realizing the motion of solid body in the loose material due to alternating pulse ejections of compressed gas in the regime of traveling wave near the outer surface of the body. The dimensionless parameters are determined for scale modeling. The relation between the action factors and the value of motion is established empirically.     

超高增压柴油机与斯特林发动机复合运行的分析

本文对超高增压柴油机与斯特林发动机的复合运行进行了初步的探讨,陈述了这种复合运行作为未来发动机技术发展方向之一的可能性。     

Prediction of foam growth and its nucleation in free and limited expansion

The influence volume approach (IVA) is often utilized for modeling the mass transfer process dictating bubble growth dynamics in physical foaming. However, the assumed concentration profile in the IVA method is only valid when the changes in dissolved gas concentration are small (less than 5%). In addition, the validity of the IVA method is difficult to justify in chemical foaming applications because of the difficulties involved in defining the dissolved gas concentration profile.In the present work, we define two distinct stages of bubble growth for physical foaming. These two stages are termed as free and limited expansion and are controlled by the bubble nucleation rate. Bubble nucleation is assumed to occur only in the free expansion stage. In this stage, the bubble pressure drops substantially from an initially high pressure in the supersaturated state while the dissolved gas concentration changes very little. The second stage of our two-stage mass transfer model is termed the limited expansion stage and accounts for bubble growth in the late stages of foam evolution, when the pressure changes become small. However, in the limited stage of bubble growth the dissolved gas concentration drops significantly, as the available dissolved gas is depleted. To summarize our two-stage mass transfer model of foam expansion, the pressure difference between the bubble phase and the liquid phase is the primary mechanism for driving mass transfer in the early (free) stages of foam growth and the concentration difference is the driver for bubble growth in the late (limited) stages of growth. The first stage can be regarded as the nucleation stage and it is relatively short; while the second stage can be regarded as the bubble growth stage and is much longer. Most of the bubble volume expansion takes place in the second stage.The concentration gradient at the bubble edge, which is often ignored in other models, is analyzed in detail in this paper. The details of our novel mass transfer model are also presented.     

The Influence of Medium on Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker Arcs

This paper mainly focuses on the influence of three kinds of media： air, air-10%PA （Nylon） and air-10% POM （polyoxymethylene） on low-voltage circuit breaker arcs. A threedimensional （3-D） model of arc motioa under the effect of external magnetic field is built based on magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） equations. By adopting the commercial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） package based on the control-volume method, the above MHD equations are solved. For the media of air-10%PA and air-10%POM, the distributions of stationary temperature and electrical potential and the transient motion processes are compared with those of air arc. The research shows that both air-10%PA and air -10% POM can cool the arc plasma and the former is more effective. Both of them can increase the stationary voltage as well. Moreover, the presence of the two mixtures can accelerate the arc motion toward the quenching area and ensures the arc quenched in time.     

Mechanism of heat transport in nanofluids

We have calculated thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluids (with water and ethylene glycol as base fluids) using temperature as well as concentration-dependent viscosity, η. The temperature profile of η is obtained using Gaussian fit to the available experimental data. In the model, the interfacial resistance effects are incorporated through a phenomenological parameter α. The micro-convection of the alumina nanoparticle (diameter less than 100 nm) is included through Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The model is further improved by explicitly incorporating the thermal conductivity of the nanolayer surrounding the nanoparticles. Using this improved model, thermal conductivity of copper nanofluid is calculated. These calculations capture the particle concentration-dependent thermal conductivity and predict the dependence of the thermal conductivity on the size of the nanoparticle. These studies are significant to understand the underlying processes of heat transport in nanofluids and are crucial to design superior coolants of next generation.     

基于CH365型接口和MCX314As型运动控制器的PCI总线运动控制卡设计

以CH365型PCI总线接口和MCX314As型运动控制器为核心硬件,自主研发了基于运动控制器的PCI总线运动控制卡,该控制卡能够实现4轴位置、速度和S曲线的加减速控制,具有直线、圆弧、位模式插补功能及自动原位搜寻功能,同时具有4路信号输入和8路通用输出.     

Elasticity of Space-Time: Basis of Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

In this paper we derive Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion from the constitutive equation of elasticity of a space-time continuum in four dimensions. This we do by introducing a four-dimensional material continuum with a Minkowskian metric, in analogy with Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The four-continuum is deformable in both space and time. The physics of the deformation is embedded in a variational principle, which is a form-invariant extension of its classical mechanical counterpart in three dimensions, but with the acceleration term absent. General dynamic equations of elasticity in four dimensions are thereby derived. When the constraint of temporal inextensibility (universal time) is introduced, these equations yield readily the dynamic equations of elasticity in three dimensions. The presence of the inertia term in these equations, is a direct consequence of the temporal curvature induced by the deformation of the four-continuum. Newton’s law of motion for rigid bodies follows when the additional constraint of spatial inextensibility is introduced.     

Lyapunov analysis of the approximate motion equations of flexible structures

In this paper, the effectiveness of the approximate motion equations of a flexible structure, obtained by the RitzKantorovich method, is analysed by using Lyapunov functions. The analysis, which is restricted to the case of a single flexible beam for the sake of simplicity, is carried out under the assumption that a partial dissipation is present, affecting only the first degrees of freedom of the system. By means of suitable Lyapunov functions, an overbounding estimate of the quadratic approximation error is determined as a decreasing function of the approximation order. The analysis is completed by considering the two ‘extreme’ cases: the theoretical absence of dissipation and the presence of structural dissipation, affecting all the infinite degrees of freedom.     

气泡－水相界面上传质过程的自相似分析解

应用自相似方法求解气泡－水相界上的传质问题，并获得了计算相界面上传质量的表达式。     

Perceptually Grounded Language Learning: Part 2—DETE: A Neural/Procedural Model

In Part 1 of this two-part series, we introduced Katamic memory—a neural network architecture capable of robust sequence learning and recognition. In Part 2, we introduce the Blobs World taskjdomain for language learning and describe the DETE language learning system, which is composed of over 50 Katamic memory modules. DETE currently learns small subsets of English and Spanish via association with perceptual! motor inputs. In addition to Kaiamic memory, DETE employs several other novel features: (1) use of feature planes, to encode visual shapes, spatial relationships and the motions of objects, (2) phase-locking of neural firing, in order to represent focus of atention and to bind objects across multiple feature planes, and (3) a method for encoding temporal relationships, so that DETE can learn utterances involving the immediate past and future. We compare DETE to related models and discuss the implications of this approach for language-learning research.