稀土尾矿中萤石、重晶石浮选分离研究

内蒙古某多金属矿尾矿含CaF216.67%、SiO2 32.84%、CaCO3 8.52%,属于典型的高硅高碳酸钙难处理萤石矿。本研究针对该尾矿,采用碳酸钠为活化剂、水玻璃为抑制剂、BK410为捕收剂,进行了萤石综合回收的试验研究。最后采用一次粗选、一次扫选和十次精选——中矿单独处理工艺流程,可以获得含CaF2 95.10%、回收率46.97%的高品位萤石精矿Ⅰ和含CaF2 85.35%,回收率10.12%的萤石精矿Ⅱ。     

湖南某方解石型萤石选矿试验研究

湖南某方解石型萤石矿原矿含CaF256.72%,属高品位萤石矿。结合该矿石的工艺矿物学特性,采用碳酸钠为pH调整剂、水玻璃+淀粉为抑制剂、油酸钠为捕收剂进行浮选试验研究。闭路试验在粗选磨矿细度-0.074 mm占65%的情况下,通过一粗五精一扫-粗精矿再磨的工艺流程,可以获得品位97.16%、回收率80.38%的萤石精矿,且萤石精矿中含SiO21.20%、CaCO30.65%,达到国家萤石粉F97C的质量标准。     

方解石与硅灰石可浮性差异的机理研究

方解石与硅灰石常相互伴生,因矿物晶格中都含有Ca2+而具有一些相似的表面性质和溶解特性;但是,两种矿物所含阴离子基团的不同,又使它们在浮选中表现出一定的差异性。本文以方解石和硅灰石为研究对象,分别研究了十二胺和油酸钠对方解石和硅灰石浮选行为的影响;通过Zeta电位分析和logC-pH分析,研究了不同pH值条件下方解石和硅灰石的表面荷电情况以及溶液中的优势组分情况;通过XPS测试和MS模拟,研究了方解石和硅灰石表面Ca质点密度和Ca不饱和键密度的情况。Zeta电位分析和logC-pH分析的结果表明,由于定位离子的不同,方解石比硅灰石带有更多的表面净剩正电荷;XPS和MS模拟的研究结果则表明,方解石比硅灰石具有更多的表面Ca质点密度和Ca不饱和键密度。     

磨矿方式对方解石颗粒形貌及浮选行为的影响

磨矿是浮选分离成功的前提。通过磨矿试验、单矿物浮选试验、润湿性测试、扫描电镜测试,研究了陶瓷棒磨与陶瓷球磨,不同磨矿方式对方解石颗粒表面形貌及浮选行为的影响。试验结果表明,经过陶瓷球磨处理后的方解石矿物颗粒相较于经过陶瓷棒磨处理后的方解石矿物颗粒有着更大的疏水性,更好的浮选回收率,更大的扁平率与伸长率,以及更小的圆度和相对宽度。     

共伴生型萤石矿浮选研究进展与展望

萤石矿床分为单一型萤石矿床和共伴生萤石矿床两大类,一直以来,我国萤石资源的开发利用多以单一型萤石资源为主,现己面临紧缺.共伴生型萤石资源中萤石含量较低,矿石性质复杂,主要脉石矿物除石英外,还含有方解石、天青石、重晶石等碱土金属盐类矿物.这几种矿物表面阳离子质点均为钙离子、锶离子和钡离子,晶体性质和物理化学性质相似,浮选...     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与演化过程

微生物碳酸盐岩储层作为一种重要的油气储层,蕴含大量油气资源。近期在鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马家沟组发现有工业气流,证实这类储层在鄂尔多斯盆地也具有十分广泛的勘探前景。在盆地南缘同样发现类似储层,通过岩石学和地球化学手段,研究了该区奥陶系平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩储层发育特征及演化过程。盆地南缘发育有较盆地内更大规模的微生物丘滩复合体,厚度可达100 m以上;微生物岩类型主要为凝块石灰岩,以溶蚀孔为主。平凉组微生物岩储层经历了准同生期和表生期两期岩溶作用,埋藏期存在油气充注。准同生期经历了短暂暴露,形成大量不规则状溶孔,放射纤维状方解石孔隙充填在早期孔隙之中,具有与基质方解石相似的碳氧同位素和Sr、Mg等微量元素含量,说明其来源于同期海水。表生期,早期溶孔发生扩大,形成了大量的裂缝和溶洞,同时伴有粗晶方解石和泥质的充填,部分粗晶方解石显示出大气降水的特征。埋藏期存在油气充注,现今溶孔和裂缝中存在有沥青残余,埋藏期充填方解石中也能见到大量液态烃包裹体。鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉组微生物碳酸盐岩发育优质储集空间,存在油气充注过程,是潜在的油气勘探领域。     

Strength-increase mechanism and microstructural characteristics of a biotreated geomaterial

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a recently proposed method that is environmentally friendly and has considerable potential applications in artificial biotreated geomaterials. New artificial biotreated geomaterials are produced based on the MICP technology for different parent soils. The purpose of this study is to explore the strength-increase mechanism and microstructural characteristics of the biotreated geomaterial through a series of experiments. The results show that longer mineralization time results in higher-strength biotreated geomaterial. The strength growth rate rapidly increases in the beginning and remains stable afterwards. The calcium ion content significantly increases with the extended mineralization time. When standard sand was used as a parent soil, the calcium ion content increased to a factor of 39 after 7 days. The bacterial cells with attached calcium ions serve as the nucleus of crystallization and fill the pore space. When fine sand was used as a parent soil, the calcium ion content increased to only a factor of 7 after 7 days of mineralization. The nucleus of crystallization could not normally grow because of the limited pore space. The porosity and variation in porosity are clearly affected by the parent soil. Therefore, the strength of the biotreated geomaterial is affected by the parent soil properties, mineralization time, and granular material pore space. This paper provides a basis for theory and experiments for biotreated geomaterials in future engineering practice.     

Polymorph Selectivity of Coccolith‐Associated Polysaccharides from Gephyrocapsa Oceanica on Calcium Carbonate Formation In Vitro

Coccolith‐associated polysaccharides (CAPs) are thought to be a key part of the biomineralization process in coccolithophores; however, their role is not fully understood. Two different systems that promote different polymorphs of calcium carbonate are used to show the effect of CAPs on nucleation and polymorph selection in vitro. Using a combination of time‐resolved cryo‐transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the mechanisms of calcite nucleation and growth in the presence of the intracrystalline fraction are examined containing CAPs extracted from coccoliths from Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Emiliania huxleyi, two closely related coccolithophore species. The CAPs extracted from G. oceanica are shown to promote calcite nucleation in vitro, even under conditions favoring the kinetic products of calcium carbonate, vaterite, and aragonite. This is not the case with CAPs extracted from E. huxleyi, suggesting that the functional role of CAPs in vivo may be different between the two species. Additionally, high‐resolution synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction has revealed that the polysaccharide is located between grain boundaries of both calcite produced in the presence of the CAPs in vitro and biogenic calcite, rather than within the crystal lattice.     

晶型控制剂对沉淀碳酸钙晶型、形态的影响

碳酸钙是一种重要的无机化工产品，不同晶型、形态的碳酸钙有着不同的用途。晶型控制剂的加入在改变沉淀碳酸钙的晶型、形态方面都有着重要的作用。介绍了国内外在制备沉淀碳酸钙过程中，已经使用以及正在研究的各种晶型控制剂。总结了一些晶型控制剂的加入对沉淀碳酸钙晶型、形态所产生的影响，并且根据晶型控制剂类型的不同对其作用原理进行了解释。