OP增敏火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金属镁中微量钙

研究了用表面活性剂OP作增敏剂 ,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金属镁中微量钙。用盐酸溶解样品 ,氯化锶为释放剂 ,OP的加入可使吸光度增加 5 0 % ,标准加入法测定金属镁中的微量钙 ,线性范围 0～ 1 5mg/L ,检出限 0.0 15mg/L ,方法简便 ,结果可靠。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高纯铅中痕量钙、镁和钠

研究了电解法除去大量基体铅后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高纯铅中痕量钙、镁和钠。对电解酸度,电解时间及铂电极的清洗进行探究,结果表明,选用HNO3(1+3)作为溶解电解样品的介质且电解时间为3 h,铅残余量最小;与盐酸清洗铂电极相比,采用20 g/L抗坏血酸-乙酸(φ=4%)混合溶液清洗铂电极可减小铂电极的损耗。铅中其他共存元素不干扰钙、镁、钠的测定,方法检出限分别为0.061μg/mL,0.006 6μg/mL,0.011μg/mL。对铅样中Ca,Mg,Na的测定,相对标准偏差为14%~19%,加标回收     

水和羧酸钙对润滑油氧化产物聚集影响的分子动力学

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟的方法,研究了不同温度下润滑油氧化产生的极性小分子的聚集行为以及水和羧酸钙分子对其聚集的影响。研究结果表明：润滑油氧化产物分子可以通过氢键产生聚集,形成的氢键聚集体相互作用能为14~58 kJ/mol;随着温度的升高,键能较低的氢键不易形成或容易断裂,因此其聚集程度降低;当体系中含有水或羧酸钙分子时,不同温度下均发生明显的聚集,分别形成了润滑油氧化产物包裹的水分子团聚体或羧酸钙分子的聚集体。润滑油氧化产物与水和羧酸钙分子之间的相互作用能分别为24~60 kJ/mol和66~87 kJ/mol,其比各类润滑油氧化产物分子之间形成的氢键聚集体的相互作用能高,稳定性更好,因此可以在温度较高的条件下形成较稳定的聚集体。     

Firmness and Cell Wall Characteristics of Pasteurized Jalapeño Pepper Rings Affected by Calcium Chloride and Acetic Acid

Pepper rings packed in brine containing CaCl₂ were firmer, had higher bound calcium, chelator soluble pectin and pectin DE, and less water-soluble pectin (WSP) than peppers packed in brine containing no CaCl₂. Pepper rings packed in low acid brines (1% and 1.2% acetic acid) were firmer and had less WSP than those packed in high acid brine. Those samples (4% acetic acid) resulted in softening and pectin solubilization, but CaCl₂ resulted in less softening. Monosaccharide composition of cell walls was not affected by CaCl₂ or acetic acid. Firmness retention in CaCl₂ treated samples was probably due to greater association between calcium ions and pectic substances, which resisted acid hydrolysis.     

Thermal performance of a packed bed reactor for a high‐temperature chemical heat pump

The thermal performance of a chemical heat pump that uses the reaction system of calcium oxide/lead oxide/carbon dioxide, which is developed for utilization of high‐temperature heat above 800°C, is studied experimentally. The thermal performance of a packed‐bed reactor of a calcium oxide/carbon dioxide reaction system, which stores and transforms a high‐temperature heat source in the heat pump operation, is examined under various heat pump operation conditions. The energy analysis based on the experiment shows that it is possible to utilize high‐temperature heat with this heat pump. This heat pump can store heat above 850°C and then transform it into a heat above 900°C under an approximate atmospheric pressure. An applied system that combines the heat pump and a high‐temperature process is proposed for high‐efficiency heat utilization. The scale of the heat pump in the combined system is estimated from the experimental results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钙基脱硫剂高温分解特性模拟研究

以反应动力学为基础,考虑CO2在产物层中的扩散影响、分解过程中CaO的高温烧结作用及CO2的烧结影响。模拟研究钙基脱硫剂石灰石(CaCO2)在不同的反应温度、气氛及颗粒粒径下的分解特性及生成CaO的比表面积变化情况。     

土壤理化性质对TPH污染土壤氧化修复的影响研究

目的 为探究土壤理化性质对总石油烃(TPH)污染土壤氧化修复效果的影响,进而寻求针对TPH污染土壤的高效氧化体系。方法 选用西南地区紫色土分别配制不同土壤有机质含量、粒径、阳离子交换量的TPH污染土壤,选取CaO₂类芬顿、活化Na₂S₂O₈、CaO₂/Na₂S₂O₈复合氧化体系,以各自最优氧化条件在室温25℃的条件下进行氧化实验,考查土壤理化性质对土壤TPH负载能力及氧化修复效果的影响。结果 在TPH投加量均为15 000 mg/kg的条件下,土壤TPH负载能力与土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量呈正相关,与土壤粒径呈负相关,其影响程度为：有机质含量>粒径>阳离子交换量;土壤TPH降解率与土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量及粒径皆呈负相关,其影响程度为：粒径>有机质含量>阳离子交换量。结论 在各体系最优氧化条件下,CaO₂/Na₂S₂O...     

高碱值磺酸钙清净剂对变速箱油减摩抗磨性能的影响

研究了3种高碱值磺酸钙清净剂对手动变速箱油减摩抗磨性能的影响,利用HFRR高频往复试验机、SRV摩擦磨损试验机、MPR抗微点蚀试验机以及Automax同步器台架试验机对摩擦因数、磨斑磨痕以及磨损量等进行分析评价。结果表明：3种磺酸钙清净剂均具有减摩抗磨作用;在加入量(w)为1%时,3种清净剂中,钙含量和碱值最高的磺酸钙C对润滑油的减摩抗磨改善效果最佳,摩擦因数、磨痕直径、MPR辊子宽度变化率最小,Automax同步环的轴向磨损量最低。     

Polymorph Switching of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Polymer‐Controlled Crystallization

Polymer‐controlled crystallization of calcium carbonate crystals in solution by a gas diffusion method has been carried out in the presence of poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PSS‐co‐PNIPAAM), and for the first time all three anhydrous polymorphs, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite could be selectively produced with a single additive. The selective polymorph synthesis can be nicely adjusted simply by concentration variations of polymer and calcium ions in the present reaction system. The simplicity of the system reveals the influence of Ca²⁺ and polymer concentration on the nucleation and crystal growth of CaCO₃ via the balance between thermodynamic and kinetic reaction control. A single mechanistic framework employing particle mediated as well as ion mediated crystallization for polymorph control is proposed.     

水稻花后衰退珠心和胚乳发育初期Ca2+的超微细胞化学定位

应用焦锑酸盐沉淀技术对水稻花后衰退珠心和胚乳发育初期进行了Ca^2 的超微细胞化学定位。结果显示在初始衰退的珠心细胞中Ca^2 主要分布于液泡膜上和核内；在衰退中期的珠心细胞中，Ca^ 主要分布在核膜、液泡膜及质膜上；在严重衰退的珠心细胞，Ca^2 仅存在于液泡中。珠心降解的Ca^2 跨过胚囊壁，通过质外体向胚乳内运输；发育初期的胚乳细胞，Ca^2 主要位于胞间隙，线粒体和液泡中也有少量分布。讨论了Ca^2 与珠心PCD的关系。