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161.
微波辐射活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,在微波辐射下合成乙酸异戊酯。实验结果显示,当微波功率为150W,催化剂用量为1.4g,n(醇):n(酸)=1.2:1,反应时间30min,酯化率为98.0%以上。另外通过实验发现,微波辐射下其反应速率明显高于常规加热方式。 相似文献
162.
Electrochemical parameters of the nanoporous carbide-derived carbon|organic electrolyte have been studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The gas adsorption measurements have been used for evaluating the specific surface area, pore size distribution and porosity as the essential parameters influencing the double layer performance of carbon. The region of ideal polarizability, values of series and parallel resistance, capacitance and other important electrical double layer parameters were established. It was shown that specific capacitance of typical nanoporous carbon derived from titanium carbide is in the range of 70-90 F cm−3 or 100-130 F g−1 and it depends on the synthesis conditions. The influence of the electrolyte solvent to the capacitance was insignificant, although acetonitrile was advantageous with respect of smaller viscosity. 相似文献
163.
164.
In this article we describe our recent efforts in the area of palladium- and nickel-catalysed aromatic substitution reactions. Main focus is on low cost and low waste production methods. The use of aromatic carboxylic anhydrides in the Heck reaction leads to a waste-free protocol. In addition these reactions are easy to work up as no ligands or bases are used. For Heck reactions where substrates or products do not tolerate high temperatures we found that use of a bulky phosphoramidite (13b) as ligand for palladium leads to a very fast reaction at low temperatures. Recycle of palladium in ligand-free Heck and Suzuki reactions is easily accomplished by treating the palladium black that precipitates at the end of the reaction on a carrier material with a small excess of I2 prior to its re-use in the next run. Use of aryl chlorides in the palladium- and nickel-catalysed formation of biaryls can be accomplished by using the nickel-catalysed coupling with arylzinc chlorides. Better still, it was possible to make use of the arylgrignard and use a catalytic amount of ZnCl2. Whereas the strength of these aromatic substitution reactions lies in their broad tolerance of functional groups, one exception was the Sonogashira reaction on 3-bromoaniline. The problem was solved by making use of in situ catalytic protection of the NH2 group with benzaldehyde. 相似文献
165.
用可以同时吸氧气与二氧化碳的双吸剂和挥发性抑菌剂富马酸单甲酯(MMF)复合成新型食品保鲜剂,能抑制30多种常见的霉菌等生物的生长,以可抗氧化变质和二氧化碳的影响。可用于粮食、蔬菜水果、干果、药物等的保质储存,改善了单纯双吸剂的保鲜性能,延长了食品的保鲜期。 相似文献
166.
The diamond-like carbon (DLC) multilayer films have been deposited by plasma CVD deposition onSi wafer substrate. The deposited films have then been post-annealed in vacuum at 250 °C for 2 h. Changes in internal stress, hardness, critical load, friction coefficient and wear have been investigated toassess the influence of annealing on mechanical and tribological properties of DLC multilayer films. At the same time, DLC single layerfilms are also deposited and annealed in the same method for a comparison.The results show that there is 28–33% decrease in internal stress and 10–13% decrease in hardness of theDLC single layer films after the anneal treatment. However, for the DLC multilayer films, there is 41–43% decreasein internal stress and less than 2% decrease in hardness. In addition, the annealed DLC multilayer filmhas the same friction and wear properties as that un-annealed film. This result indicates that the anneal treatment isan effective method for the DLC multilayer films to reduce the internal stress and to increase the critical load.The by-effect of the annealing, decrease of hardness and wear resistance of the multilayer film, can be restrictedby the multilayer structure. 相似文献
167.
The kinetics of the methanation of carbon dioxide was investigated using an alumina supported Ni-La2O2 catalyst in a differential and integral reactor. In the differential reactor the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 was varied from 0.6 to 30. In the integral reactor the rates were measured with up to 90% conversion. Both reactor tests were carried out at temperatures between 513 and 593 K. The experimental results were described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type equation. The kinetics can be explained by assuming equilibrium of dissociative carbon dioxide and hydrogen adsorption, and assuming hydrogenation of surface carbon as the rate determining step. 相似文献
168.
Carbon Aerogels as Electrode Material in Supercapacitors 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
U. Fischer R. Saliger V. Bock R. Petricevic J. Fricke 《Journal of Porous Materials》1997,4(4):281-285
Due to their large specific surface area and their high electrical conductivity carbon aerogels are promising materials for electrodes in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (supercapacitor). The carbon aerogels were made via pyrolysis of resorcinol formaldehyde aerogels. The latter were prepared by supercritical and subcritical drying as well. The important findings of our investigation were, that the highest capacities of 46 F/cm3 were measured for samples with a density of about 800 kg/m3 pyrolyzed at 800°C. Also it was shown that RF-gels with molar resorcinol/catalyst ratios 1000 or higher can be dried subcritically without cracking or significant shrinkage. Carbon aerogels derived from these RF-aerogels have a small mesopore surface area, however an especially large micropore area. They provide electrical capacities which are most suitable for their use in supercapacitors. 相似文献
169.
Z. Vít 《Catalysis Letters》1992,13(1-2):131-136
Activity and selectivity of carbon supported Mo catalyst was tested in parallel hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of pyridine and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene in the temperature range 260–350 °C at 2 MPa of hydrogen pressure and compared with that of commercial NiMo-alumina catalyst Shell 324. The main advantages of carbon supported Mo sulfide over commercial NiMo catalyst can be summarized as follows: the markedly higher HDN and better HDS activities normalized to moles of active metals, the lower content of piperidine in the reaction products and the distinctly better selectivity towards HDN reaction. 相似文献
170.
A novel method was developed for the fabrication of activated carbon fiber (ACF) with wet spinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers as the precursors. Through a combination of preoxidation, dehydration, carbonization and activation under a certain tension, PVA-based ACFs (PVA-ACFs) with high yields and good mechanical properties were obtained. The surface and cross-section morphologies, pore structures, surface geometries, surface functional groups and crystal structures of the PVA-ACFs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, low temperature nitrogen adsorption, Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray power diffraction. All the PVA-ACF samples prepared had lotus root-like axially meso- and macroporous structures with the domination of micropores. Fractal geometries of PVA-ACFs deduced from nitrogen adsorption isotherms indicates that capillary force dominated in the interactions between nitrogen and the PVA-ACFs. The surface functional groups of the PVA-ACFs depend on the activating agents. Graphitoidal crystal structures were observed for the PVA-ACFs. The small crystal size and short range ordering between the crystallites ensured a high specific surface area of the PVA-ACFs. 相似文献